Penicillin-resistant pneumococcus and risk of treatment failure in pneumonia

• Published in: Archives of disease in childhood Vol. 93; no. 3; pp. 221 - 225
• Main Authors: Cardoso, Maria Regina A, Nascimento-Carvalho, Cristiana M, Ferrero, Fernando, Berezin, Eitan N, Ruvinsky, Raúl, Camargos, Paulo A M, Sant’Anna, Clemax C, Brandileone, Maria Cristina C, de Fátima P March, Maria, Feris-Iglesias, Jesus, Maggi, Ruben S, Benguigui, Yehuda
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health 01.03.2008; BMJ; BMJ Publishing Group Ltd; BMJ Publishing Group LTD
• Subjects: Ampicillin - therapeutic use; Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use; Antibiotics; Argentina; Attrition (Research Studies); Biological and medical sciences; Brazil; Care and treatment; Child, Preschool; Childhood pneumonia; Children & youth; Complications and side effects; Disease; Dominican Republic; Dosage and administration; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae; Ethics; Family Income; Female; Fever; General aspects; Humans; Infant; Laboratories; Literature Reviews; Male; Medical sciences; Meningitis; Miscellaneous; Mortality; Neuromuscular diseases; Observational studies; Patient outcomes; Patients; Penicillin; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins - therapeutic use; Place of Residence; Pleural effusion; Pneumonia; Pneumonia in children; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal - drug therapy; Prevention and actions; Prospective Studies; Public health. Hygiene; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine; Quality Assurance; Quality Control; Sepsis; Statistical Analysis; Statistical Significance; Streptococcus infections; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Treatment Failure; Brazil; Dominican Republic; Argentina; Latin America; Human; Lung disease; Pediatrics; Pneumonia; Respiratory disease; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Streptococcaceae; Treatment; Risk factor; Bacteria; Micrococcales; Child; Failure; Public health
• ISSN: 0003-9888; 1468-2044
• DOI: 10.1136/adc.2006.111625

Objective:To determine whether the presence of in vitro penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae increases the risk of clinical failure in children hospitalised with severe pneumonia and treated with penicillin/ampicillin.Design:Multicentre, prospective, observational study.Setting:12 tertiary-care centres in three countries in Latin America.Patients:240 children aged 3–59 months, hospitalised with severe pneumonia and known in vitro susceptibility of S pneumoniae.Intervention:Patients were treated with intravenous penicillin/ampicillin after collection of blood and, when possible, pleural fluid for culture. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) test was used to determine penicillin susceptibility of the pneumococcal strains isolated. Children were continuously monitored until discharge.Main outcome measures:The primary outcome was treatment failure (using clinical criteria).Results:Overall treatment failure was 21%. After allowing for different potential confounders, there was no evidence of association between treatment failure and in vitro resistance of S pneumoniae to penicillin according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)/National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) interpretative standards (adjRR = 1.03; 95%CI: 0.49–1.90 for resistant S pneumoniae).Conclusions:Intravenous penicillin/ampicillin remains the drug of choice for treating penicillin-resistant pneumococcal pneumonia in areas where the MIC does not exceed 2 μg/ml.