DNA methylation analysis of cord blood samples in neonates born to gestational diabetes mothers diagnosed before 24 gestational weeks

• Published in: BMJ open diabetes research & care Vol. 10; no. 1; p. e002539
• Main Authors: Kasuga, Yoshifumi, Kawai, Tomoko, Miyakoshi, Kei, Hori, Asuka, Tamagawa, Masumi, Hasegawa, Keita, Ikenoue, Satoru, Ochiai, Daigo, Saisho, Yoshifumi, Hida, Mariko, Tanaka, Mamoru, Hata, Kenichiro
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England American Diabetes Association 01.01.2022; BMJ Publishing Group LTD; BMJ Publishing Group
• Subjects: Birth weight; Body mass index; Diabetes, Gestational - diagnosis; Diabetes, Gestational - genetics; Diet; DNA Methylation; Epigenetics; Female; Fetal Blood; Genomes; Gestational age; Gestational diabetes; gestational diabetes mellitus; Glucose; Glucose Tolerance Test; Hemoglobin; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Insulin resistance; Medical diagnosis; Metabolism; Mothers; Newborn babies; Pathophysiology/Complications; Plasma; Pregnancy; Premature birth; Umbilical cord; United States > US; Japan; California; pregnancy; gestational diabetes mellitus
• ISSN: 2052-4897; 2052-4897
• DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002539

IntroductionGenome-wide methylation analyses of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosed after 24 gestational weeks (late GDM (L-GDM)) using cord blood have been reported. However, epigenetic changes in neonates born to mothers with GDM diagnosed before 24 gestational weeks (early GDM (E-GDM)) have not been reported. We investigated DNA methylation in neonates born to mothers with E-GDM using cord blood samples.Research design and methodsGenome-wide DNA methylation analysis was performed using an Illumina EPIC array to compare methylation rates of 754 255 autosomal sites in cord blood samples from term neonates born to 162 mothers with GDM (E-GDM: n=84, L-GDM: n=78) and 60 normal glucose tolerance (normal OGTT) pregnancies. GDM was diagnosed based on Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology criteria modified with International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group criteria. In this study, all GDM mothers underwent dietary management, while self-monitoring of blood glucose and insulin administration was initiated when dietary modification did not achieve glycemic control.ResultsThere were no significant differences in genome-wide DNA methylation of cord blood samples between the GDM (E-GDM and L-GDM) groups and normal OGTT group or between the E-GDM and normal OGTT groups, L-GDM and normal OGTT groups, and E-GDM and L-GDM groups.ConclusionsThis is the first report to determine the DNA methylation patterns in neonates born to mothers with E-GDM. Neonates born to mothers with GDM, who were diagnosed based on Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology criteria, may not differ in DNA methylation compared with those born to normal OGTT mothers.