Cartilage Tissue Regeneration: The Roles of Cells, Stimulating Factors and Scaffolds

• Published in: Current stem cell research & therapy Vol. 13; no. 7; p. 547
• Main Authors: Huang, Kui, Li, Qing, Li, Yong, Yao, Zhihao, Luo, Daowen, Rao, Pengcheng, Xiao, Jingang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United Arab Emirates 01.01.2018
• Subjects: Animals; Biopolymers - chemistry; Biopolymers - pharmacology; Cartilage Diseases - pathology; Cartilage Diseases - surgery; Cartilage Diseases - therapy; Cartilage, Articular - drug effects; Cartilage, Articular - growth & development; Cartilage, Articular - injuries; Cartilage, Articular - surgery; Cell Differentiation; Chondrocytes - cytology; Chondrocytes - drug effects; Chondrocytes - physiology; Disease Models, Animal; Fibroblasts - cytology; Fibroblasts - drug effects; Fibroblasts - physiology; Humans; Hydrogels - chemistry; Hydrogels - pharmacology; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells - cytology; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells - drug effects; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells - physiology; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - pharmacology; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells - cytology; Mesenchymal Stem Cells - drug effects; Mesenchymal Stem Cells - physiology; Regeneration - physiology; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds; articular cartilage; stem cells; fibroblasts; chondrocytes; scaffolds; Cartilage tissue regeneration; stimulating factors
• ISSN: 2212-3946
• DOI: 10.2174/1574888x12666170608080722

Cartilage tissue engineering is an emerging technique for the regeneration of cartilage tissue damaged as a result of trauma or disease. As the propensity for healing and regenerative capabilities of articular cartilage are limited, its repair remains one of the most challenging issues of musculoskeletal medicine. Clinical treatments intended to promote the success and complete repair of partial- and fullthickness articular cartilage defects are still unpredictable. However, one of the most exciting theories is that treatment of damaged articular cartilage can be realized with cartilage tissue engineering. This notion has prompted tissue engineering research involving cells, stimulating factors and scaffolds, either alone or in combination. With these perspectives, this review aims to present a summary of cartilage tissue engineering including development, recent progress, and major steps taken toward the regeneration of functional cartilage tissue. In addition, we discussed the role of stimulating factors, including growth factors, gene therapies, biophysical stimuli, and bioreactors, as well as scaffolds, including natural, synthetic, and nanostructured scaffolds, in cartilage tissue regeneration. Special emphasis was placed on cell source, including chondrocytes, fibroblasts, and stem cells, as an important component of cartilage tissue engineering techniques. In conclusion, continued development of cartilage tissue engineering will support future applications for patients suffering from diseased cartilage tissue problems and osteoarthritis.