Pleurotus ostreatus opposes mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in acetaminophen-induced hepato-renal injury

• Published in: BMC complementary and alternative medicine Vol. 14; no. 1; p. 494
• Main Authors: Naguib, Yahya M, Azmy, Rania M, Samaka, Rehab M, Salem, Mohamed F
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 15.12.2014; BioMed Central
• Subjects: Acetaminophen; Acetaminophen - adverse effects; Alanine Transaminase - blood; Amino acids; Analgesics; Analysis; Animals; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - metabolism; Antioxidants - pharmacology; Antioxidants - therapeutic use; Aspartate Aminotransferases - blood; Biological Products - pharmacology; Biological Products - therapeutic use; Cell death; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - drug therapy; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - metabolism; Dietary fiber; Dietary Supplements; Drug dosages; Enzymes; Free radicals; Genetic engineering; Glutathione - metabolism; Glutathione Peroxidase - metabolism; Health aspects; Kidney - drug effects; Kidney - metabolism; Kidney - pathology; Kidney Diseases - chemically induced; Kidney Diseases - drug therapy; Kidney Diseases - metabolism; Laboratory animals; Lipid peroxidation; Liver; Liver - drug effects; Liver - metabolism; Liver - pathology; Male; Malondialdehyde - metabolism; Medical research; Medicine; Metabolism; Metabolites; Mice; Mitochondria - drug effects; Mitochondria - metabolism; Mushrooms; Necrosis; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative stress; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; Phytotherapy; Pleurotus; Proteins; Rodents; Studies; Toxicity
• ISSN: 1472-6882; 1472-6882
• DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-494

Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced toxicity is a predominant cause of acute hepatic and renal failure. In both humans and rodents toxicity begins with a reactive metabolite that binds to proteins. This leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and nuclear DNA fragmentation resulting in necrotic cell death. Pleurotus ostreatus (an edible oyster mushroom) is well recognized as a flavourful food, as well as a medicinal supplement. In the present study, we evaluated the role of Pleurotus ostreatus in the protection against APAP-induced hepato-renal toxicity. We also explored the mechanism by which Pleurotus ostreatus exerts its effects. Ninety adult male Swiss albino mice were divided into three groups (30 mice/group). Mice were offered normal diet (control and APAP groups), or diet supplemented with 10% Pleurotus ostreatus (APAP + Pleurotus ostreatus) for 10 days. Mice were either treated with vehicle (control group, single intra-peritoneal injection.), or APAP (APAP and APAP + Pleurotus ostreatus groups, single intra-peritoneal injection, 500 mg/kg), 24 hours after the last meal. APAP increased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and hepatic and renal malondialdehyde (MDA) content. APAP decreased hepatic and renal glutathione (GSH) content, as well as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Supplementation with Pleurotus ostreatus significantly reduced APAP-induced elevated levels of ALT, AST, GDH, creatinine, BUN, KIM-1and MDA, while GSH level, and GSH-Px and SOD activities were significantly increased. Our findings were further validated by histopathology; treatment with Pleurotus ostreatus significantly decreased APAP-induced cell necrosis in liver and kidney tissues. We report here that the antioxidant effect of Pleurotus ostreatus opposes mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress accompanying APAP over-dose, with subsequent clinically beneficial effects on liver and kidney tissues.