Post-traumatic stress reactions and doctor-certified sick leave after a workplace terrorist attack: Norwegian cohort study

• Published in: BMJ open Vol. 10; no. 2; p. e032693
• Main Authors: Dale, Maria Teresa Grønning, Nissen, Alexander, Berthelsen, Mona, Heir, Trond
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English; Norwegian
• Published: England BMJ Publishing Group LTD 16.02.2020; BMJ Publishing Group
• Subjects: Bombs - statistics & numerical data; Cohort analysis; Cohort Studies; Employees; Employment; Female; Government Employees - psychology; Government Employees - statistics & numerical data; Humans; Job satisfaction; Male; Middle Aged; Norway - epidemiology; Occupational and Environmental Medicine; Population; Post traumatic stress disorder; Prospective Studies; Sick leave; Sick Leave - statistics & numerical data; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - epidemiology; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - psychology; Surveys and Questionnaires; Terrorism; Terrorism - psychology; Terrorism - statistics & numerical data; Work environment; Workplace - psychology; Norway; PTSD; psychosocial work environment; work place terror; sick leave
• ISSN: 2044-6055; 2044-6055
• DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032693

ObjectiveTo explore the association between the psychosocial work environment and the risk of sick leave among governmental employees with symptom-defined post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after a workplace bomb attack.DesignA prospective study on employees who met the symptom criteria for PTSD. Questionnaire data on the psychosocial work environment 10 months after the terrorist attack was linked to registry data on doctor-certified sick leave in the period 12–22 months after the attack.SettingThe bombing of the government ministries in Oslo, Norway, 22 July 2011.ParticipantsThe study sample consists of 94 Norwegian governmental employees, all with symptom-defined PTSD from the Norwegian version of the PTSD checklist (Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Specific) measured 10 months after the attack.ResultsAfter adjustment for sex and severity of PTSD symptoms, predictability at work reduced the odds of sick leave (adjusted OR=0.62, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.98). Sense of control over decisions at work was associated with fewer absence days for employees with sick leave (adjusted rate ratio=0.61, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.98).ConclusionsEmployees with PTSD after workplace terrorism would benefit from control over their workplace conditions and increased predictability to reduce the risk of sick leave. The findings suggest that the work environment can facilitate employees’ work ability after stressful events, independent of severity of PTSD symptoms.