Evidence for secular trends in children’s physical activity behaviour

• Published in: British Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 39; no. 12; pp. 892 - 897
• Main Authors: Dollman, J, Norton, K, Norton, L
• Format: Journal Article Book Review
• Language: English
• Published: England BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine 01.12.2005; BMJ Publishing Group LTD; BMJ Publishing Group; BMJ Group
• Subjects: active transport; Activities of Daily Living; Adolescent; Attitude to Health; Child; children; Children & youth; Energy consumption; Energy equation; Energy Intake - physiology; Energy Metabolism - physiology; Environmental factors; Exercise; Exercise - physiology; Exercise - psychology; Female; Health Behavior; Humans; Life Style; Male; Motor Activity - physiology; Obesity; overweight; Physical education; Physical Education and Training - methods; Physical Education and Training - statistics & numerical data; Physical Education and Training - trends; Physical Fitness - physiology; Review; Schools; Sports - physiology; Sports - psychology; Sports - trends; Walking - physiology; Walking - psychology; Walking - trends
• ISSN: 0306-3674; 1473-0480
• DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2004.016675

It is not clear whether the global increase in weight problems in children is the result of excessive energy intake or decreasing energy expenditure. Methodological limitations have made it difficult to analyse. There is evidence that at least part of the problem may lie with increasing energy consumption, but it is important to examine the other side of the energy equation also. However, it is not possible to conclusively describe physical activity trends because of the absence of suitable baseline data. One solution is to summate all available evidence in as many areas of daily activities as possible and then draw tentative conclusions. This review summarises available trend data on direct representations of physical activity in a range of contexts, together with indirect measures such as sedentariness, fitness, and attitudes. The conclusions drawn are: physical activity in clearly defined contexts such as active transport, school physical education, and organised sports is declining in many countries; young people would like to be active but are often constrained by external factors such as school policy or curricula, parental rules in relation to safety and convenience, and physical environmental factors.