Active Transport of l-Proline in Trypanosoma cruzi

• Published in: The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology Vol. 49; no. 6; pp. 441 - 446
• Main Authors: SILBER, ARIEL M, TONELLI, RENATA R, MARTINELLI, MARCELA, COLLI, WALTER, ALVES, MARIA JÚLIA M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.11.2002; Blackwell
• Subjects: Adenosine Triphosphate - metabolism; Animals; Binding, Competitive; Biological and medical sciences; Biological Transport, Active; Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone - pharmacology; Chagas' disease; epimastigotes; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Life cycle. Host-agent relationship. Pathogenesis; parasite differentiation; Proline - metabolism; proline permease; proline transporter; Protozoa; Thermodynamics; Trypanosoma cruzi - growth & development; Trypanosoma cruzi - metabolism; Kinetoplastida; Protozoa; Host parasite relation; Active transport; Protozoal disease; Biological transport; Parasite; Proline; Chagas disease; Parasitosis; proline permease; Trypanosoma cruzi; Infection; proline transporter; L-aminoacid; epimastigotes; Chagas' disease; Differentiation; Trypanosomiasis; parasite differentiation
• ISSN: 1066-5234; 1550-7408
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2002.tb00225.x

l-proline is the main energy source in insect vector stages of most trypanosomatids, including Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes. This is the first biochemical description of two active proline transporter systems in T. cruzi. Uptake of this amino acid occurred by a low affinity system B and a high affinity system A. System B consistently appeared more specific than System A when excess competing amino acids were used in transport inhibition assays. Furthermore, the high affinity system is 70% inhibited by l-tryptophan, but the low affinity system is not. Both systems were found to be insensitive to the intracellular proline concentration and d-proline did not inhibit l-proline uptake showing that both systems are stereospecific. Both systems were Na+ and K+ independant but dependant on energy since ATP depletion impairs l-proline uptake. The combined action of carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl hydrazone (FCCP) and oligomycin, and the dependence of activity on pH, further differentiated between the two systems leading to the conclusion that the high affinity system is a H+ gradient-dependant transporter whereas the low affinity system depends directly on ATP.