Streptokinase versus alteplase and other treatments for acute and delayed thrombolysis of blood stains in clothing

• Published in: BMJ Vol. 321; no. 7276; pp. 1554 - 1556
• Main Author: Pager, C K
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London British Medical Journal Publishing Group 23.12.2000; British Medical Association; BMJ Publishing Group LTD; BMJ Publishing Group; BMJ
• Edition: International edition
• Subjects: Algorithms; Biological and medical sciences; Blood; Blood Stains; Blood. Blood coagulation. Reticuloendothelial system; Cleaning compounds; Cold; Cold Temperature; Cold water; Drugs; Enzymes; Fibrinolytics; Heparin; Heparin - administration & dosage; Hot Temperature; Hot water treatment; Humans; Laundry Service, Hospital; Male; Medical sciences; Neon; Pharmaceutical industry; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Pillowcases; Streptokinase - administration & dosage; Thrombolytic drugs; Tissue Plasminogen Activator - administration & dosage; Washers & dryers; Washing; Water; Water temperature; Wit and Humor as Topic; Human; Stain; Methodology; Clothing; Acute; Controlled therapeutic trial; Fibrinolysis; Delay; Blood plasma; Randomization; Alteplase; Streptokinase; Heparin; Fibrinolytic
• ISSN: 0959-8138; 0959-8146; 1468-5833; 1756-1833
• DOI: 10.1136/bmj.321.7276.1554

Abstract Objective: To assess the usefulness of heparin, alteplase, and streptokinase in removing blood stains. Design: Randomised controlled trial. Setting: Hospital laundry. Interventions: Blood stains were allocated to treatment with alteplase, streptokinase, heparin, a commercial enzymatic stain remover, or no treatment at all after three or seven hours and then washed in hot or cold water two hours later. Results: Both hot water and early treatment were strongly associated with improved stain removal. All four treatments were associated with a worse outcome than no treatment at all, although for streptokinase this trend did not reach significance. The commercial stain remover gave the worst results of all treatments tested. Conclusions: Contrary to popular wisdom, hot water is much more effective than cold in removing blood stains. Methodologically rigorous research and evidence based principles are needed within the laundry industry, and the role of thrombolytic drugs should be assessed further.