Novel aspects of Sjögren’s syndrome in 2012

• Published in: BMC medicine Vol. 11; no. 1; p. 93
• Main Authors: Tincani, Angela, Andreoli, Laura, Cavazzana, Ilaria, Doria, Andrea, Favero, Marta, Fenini, Maria-Giulia, Franceschini, Franco, Lojacono, Andrea, Nascimbeni, Giuseppe, Santoro, Amerigo, Semeraro, Francesco, Toniati, Paola, Shoenfeld, Yehuda
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BioMed Central 04.04.2013; BioMed Central Ltd
• Subjects: Alliances; Antibodies, Viral - blood; Autoantibodies - blood; Autoimmune diseases; Biomedicine; Classification; Colleges & universities; Cutting edge: issues in autoimmunity; Cytomegalovirus; Disease; Haplotypes; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents - therapeutic use; Lymphoma; Lymphoma - prevention & control; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Pathogenesis; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases - prevention & control; Pneumonia; Review; Rheumatic diseases; Rheumatology; Sjogren's Syndrome - complications; Sjogren's Syndrome - etiology; Sjogren's Syndrome - pathology; Sjogren's Syndrome - therapy; Vitamin D; Vitamin D - therapeutic use; Vitamin deficiency; Dry eye syndrome; Autoantibodies; Anti-B cell therapies; Vitamin D; Sicca syndrome; Sjögren’s syndrome; Chronic sialoadenitis; Autoimmune diseases; Peripheral neuropathy; Lymphoma
• ISSN: 1741-7015; 1741-7015
• DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-93

Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a systemic progressive autoimmune disease characterized by a complex pathogenesis requiring a predisposing genetic background and involving immune cell activation and autoantibody production. The immune response is directed to the exocrine glands, causing the typical ‘sicca syndrome’, but major organ involvement is also often seen. The etiology of the disease is unknown. Infections could play a pivotal role: compared to normal subjects, patients with SS displayed higher titers of anti-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) early antigens, but lower titers of other infectious agent antibodies such as rubella and cytomegalovirus (CMV) suggest that some infections may have a protective role against the development of autoimmune disease. Recent findings seem to show that low vitamin D levels in patients with SS could be associated with severe complications such as lymphoma and peripheral neuropathy. This could open new insights into the disease etiology. The current treatments for SS range from symptomatic therapies to systemic immunosuppressive drugs, especially B cell-targeted drugs in cases of organ involvement. Vitamin D supplementation may be an additional tool for optimization of SS treatment.