CSF2-dependent monocyte education in the pathogenesis of ANCA-induced glomerulonephritis

• Published in: Annals of the rheumatic diseases Vol. 81; no. 8; pp. 1162 - 1172
• Main Authors: Rousselle, Anthony, Sonnemann, Janis, Amann, Kerstin, Mildner, Alexander, Lodka, Dörte, Kling, Lovis, Bieringer, Markus, Schneider, Udo, Leutz, Achim, Enghard, Philipp, Kettritz, Ralph, Schreiber, Adrian
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism 01.08.2022; BMJ Publishing Group LTD; BMJ Publishing Group
• Subjects: Antibodies; Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies; Autoantibodies; Autoimmune Diseases; Blocking antibodies; Bone marrow; CC chemokine receptors; CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein; CCR2 protein; Cell activation; Chemokine receptors; Chemokines; Colonies; Colony-stimulating factor; Flow cytometry; Glomerulonephritis; Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; Granulocytes; Granulomatosis with polyangiitis; Helper cells; Histology; IL-1β; Inflammation; Kidneys; Leukocytes (neutrophilic); Lymphocytes T; Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; Monocytes; Nephritis; Neutrophils; Peroxidase; Polarization; Proteins; Systemic vasculitis; Transcription factors; Vasculitis; Granulomatosis with polyangiitis; Inflammation; Autoantibodies; Systemic vasculitis; Autoimmune Diseases
• ISSN: 0003-4967; 1468-2060
• DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221984

ObjectivesMyeloid cell activation by antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) is pivotal for necrotising vasculitis, including necrotising crescentic glomerulonephritis (NCGN). In contrast to neutrophils, the contribution of classical monocyte (CM) and non-classical monocyte (NCM) remains poorly defined. We tested the hypothesis that CMs contribute to antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) and that colony-stimulating factor-2 (CSF2, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)) is an important monocyte-directed disease modifier.MethodsMyeloperoxidase (MPO)-immunised MPO−/− mice were transplanted with haematopoietic cells from wild-type (WT) mice, C–C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2)−/− mice to abrogate CM, or transcription factor CCAAT–enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ)−/− mice to reduce NCM, respectively. Monocytes were stimulated with CSF2, and CSF2 receptor subunit beta (CSF2rb)-deficient mice were used. Urinary monocytes and CSF2 were quantified and kidney Csf2 expression was analysed. CSF2-blocking antibody was used in the nephrotoxic nephritis (NTN) model.ResultsCompared with WT mice, CCR2−/− chimeric mice showed reduced circulating CM and were protected from NCGN. C/EBPβ−/− chimeric mice lacked NCM but developed NCGN similar to WT chimeric mice. Kidney and urinary CSF2 were upregulated in AAV mice. CSF2 increased the ability of ANCA-stimulated monocytes to generate interleukin-1β and to promote TH17 effector cell polarisation. CSF2rb−/− chimeric mice harboured reduced numbers of kidney TH17 cells and were protected from NCGN. CSF2 neutralisation reduced renal damage in the NTN model. Finally, patients with active AAV displayed increased urinary CM numbers, CSF2 levels and expression of GM-CSF in infiltrating renal cells.ConclusionsCMs but not NCMs are important for inducing kidney damage in AAV. CSF2 is a crucial pathological factor by modulating monocyte proinflammatory functions and thereby TH17 cell polarisation.