Quantitative oculographic characterisation of internuclear ophthalmoparesis in multiple sclerosis: the versional dysconjugacy index Z score

• Published in: Journal of neurology, neurosurgery and psychiatry Vol. 73; no. 1; pp. 51 - 55
• Main Authors: Frohman, E M, Frohman, T C, O'Suilleabhain, P, Zhang, H, Hawker, K, Racke, M K, Frawley, W, Phillips, J T, Kramer, P D
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 01.07.2002; BMJ; BMJ Publishing Group LTD; BMJ Group
• Subjects: Biological and medical sciences; Case-Control Studies; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; dysconjugacy; Eye movements; Humans; internuclear ophthalmoparesis; Light emitting diodes; Medical sciences; Multiple sclerosis; Multiple Sclerosis - complications; Multiple sclerosis and variants. Guillain barré syndrome and other inflammatory polyneuropathies. Leukoencephalitis; Neurology; Ocular Motility Disorders - etiology; Ocular Motility Disorders - physiopathology; Patients; Saccades; Severity of Illness Index; Velocity; Human; Nervous system diseases; Multiple sclerosis; Quantitative character; Eye movement; Infrared source; Inflammatory disease; Internuclear ophthalmoplegia; Eye disease; Central nervous system disease; Complication; Severity score; Diagnosis; Technique; Oculomotor syndrome
• ISSN: 0022-3050; 1468-330X
• DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.73.1.51

Background: There is a poor correlation between multiple sclerosis disease activity, as measured by magnetic resonance imaging, and clinical disability. Objective: To establish oculographic criteria for the diagnosis and severity of internuclear ophthalmoparesis (INO), so that future studies can link the severity of ocular dysconjugacy with neuroradiological abnormalities within the dorsomedial brain stem tegmentum. Methods: The study involved 58 patients with multiple sclerosis and chronic INO and 40 normal subjects. Two dimensional infrared oculography was used to derive the versional dysconjugacy index (VDI)—the ratio of abducting to adducting eye movements for peak velocity and acceleration. Diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis and severity of INO were derived using a Z score and histogram analysis, which allowed comparisons of the VDI from multiple sclerosis patients and from a control population. Results: For a given saccade, the VDI was typically higher for acceleration v velocity, whereas the Z scores for velocity measures were always higher than values derived from comparable acceleration VDI measures; this was related to the greater variability of acceleration measures. Thus velocity was a more reliable measure from which to determine Z scores and thereby the criteria for INO and its level of severity. The mean (SD) value of the VDI velocity derived from 40 control subjects was 0.922 (0.072). The highest VDI for velocity from a normal control subject was 1.09, which was 2.33 SD above the normal control mean VDI. We therefore chose 2 SD beyond this value (that is, a Z score of 4.33) as the minimum criterion for the oculographic confirmation of INO. Of patients thought to have unilateral INO on clinical grounds, 70% (16/23) were found to have bilateral INO on oculographic assessment. Conclusions: INO can be confirmed and characterised by level of severity using Z score analysis of quantitative oculography. Such assessments may be useful for linking the level of severity of a specific clinical disability with neuroradiological measures of brain tissue pathology in multiple sclerosis.