Laser Doppler flowmetry as a measure of extrinsic colonic innervation in functional bowel disease

• Published in: Gut Vol. 46; no. 2; pp. 212 - 217
• Main Authors: Emmanuel, A V, Kamm, M A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology 01.02.2000; BMJ; BMJ Publishing Group LTD
• Subjects: Abdomen; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; autonomic nervous system; Biological and medical sciences; Case-Control Studies; Colon - innervation; Constipation; Constipation - physiopathology; Digestive system. Abdomen; Enteric Nervous System - physiopathology; Female; Gastrointestinal Transit; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa - blood supply; Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects); Ipratropium; Irritable bowel syndrome; laser Doppler; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; Lasers; Laxatives; Male; Medical sciences; Microcirculation; Middle Aged; Motility; mucosal blood flow; Muscarinic Antagonists; Nutrition research; Physiology; Rectum; Regional Blood Flow; Rodents; Studies; Ultrasonic investigative techniques; Sonography; Human; Nervous system diseases; Laser dopplerometry; Autonomic nervous system; Dysfunction; Gut; Digestive diseases; Intestinal disease; Exploration; Colon; Constipation
• ISSN: 0017-5749; 1468-3288; 1458-3288
• DOI: 10.1136/gut.46.2.212

BACKGROUND In functional disorders it is unknown whether disturbed function is due to an intrinsic gut abnormality or altered extrinsic innervation. AIMS To study whether measurement of mucosal blood flow could be used as a quantitative direct measure of gut extrinsic nerve autonomic activity in patients with idiopathic constipation. METHODS Seventy two patients with idiopathic constipation and 26 healthy volunteers had rectal mucosal blood flow measurements by a laser Doppler flowmetry probe applied 10 cm from the anus. Measurements were made at rest and after inhaled placebo and ipratropium 40 μg. RESULTS Constipated subjects had lower baseline rectal blood flow than controls. Patients with slow transit had lower mucosal blood flow than normal transit. The number of retained markers on x ray was inversely correlated with blood flow. Ipratropium reduced blood flow compared with placebo, reduced it less in constipated patients than controls, and reduced it less in patients with slow compared with normal transit. Constipated patients, not controls, showed a significantly attenuated RR interval (the interval between successive R waves on the ECG) variability, and blood flow correlated with vagal function. CONCLUSIONS Laser Doppler mucosal flowmetry is a gut specific, quantitative measure of extrinsic autonomic nerve activity. The technique has shown that patients with idiopathic constipation have impaired extrinsic gut nerve activity, and this is more notable in those with slow transit. The degree of slow transit correlates with the degree of impaired extrinsic innervation.