Chromosome fragility in patients with Fanconi anaemia: diagnostic implications and clinical impact

• Published in: Journal of medical genetics Vol. 48; no. 4; pp. 242 - 250
• Main Authors: Castella, Maria, Pujol, Roser, Callén, Elsa, Ramírez, Maria J, Casado, José A, Talavera, Maria, Ferro, Teresa, Muñoz, Arturo, Sevilla, Julián, Madero, Luis, Cela, Elena, Beléndez, Cristina, de Heredia, Cristina Díaz, Olivé, Teresa, de Toledo, José Sánchez, Badell, Isabel, Estella, Jesús, Dasí, Ángeles, Rodríguez-Villa, Antonia, Gómez, Pedro, Tapia, María, Molinés, Antonio, Figuera, Ángela, Bueren, Juan A, Surrallés, Jordi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 01.04.2011; BMJ Publishing Group; BMJ Publishing Group LTD
• Subjects: Anemia; Anemias. Hemoglobinopathies; Biological and medical sciences; Chromosome Fragility; Chromosome fragility (bloom syndrome, ataxia telangiectasia, fanconi anemia, x-linked mental retardation...); Chromosomes; Congenital diseases; Cross-Linking Reagents - pharmacology; cytogenetics; Diagnostic tests; Diagnostics tests; Diseases of red blood cells; Epoxy Compounds - pharmacology; Fanconi Anemia - diagnosis; Fanconi Anemia - genetics; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gene therapy; genetics; Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution; haematology (including blood transfusion); Hematologic and hematopoietic diseases; Hematology; Humans; Lymphocytes; Medical genetics; Medical sciences; Mitomycin - pharmacology; Molecular and cellular biology; Mosaicism; Patients; Phenotype; Stem cell transplantation; United States > US; California; Human; Chromosome fragility; Fanconi anemia; Genetics; Patient; Hemopathy; Diagnosis; Genetic disease
• ISSN: 0022-2593; 1468-6244
• DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2010.084210

BackgroundFanconi anaemia (FA) is a rare syndrome characterized by bone marrow failure, malformations and cancer predisposition. Chromosome fragility induced by DNA interstrand crosslink (ICL)-inducing agents such as diepoxybutane (DEB) or mitomycin C (MMC) is the ‘gold standard’ test for the diagnosis of FA.ObjectiveTo study the variability, the diagnostic implications and the clinical impact of chromosome fragility in FA.MethodsData are presented from 198 DEB-induced chromosome fragility tests in patients with and without FA where information on genetic subtype, cell sensitivity to MMC and clinical data were available.ResultsThis large series allowed quantification of the variability and the level of overlap in ICL sensitivity among patients with FA and the normal population. A new chromosome fragility index is proposed that provides a cut-off diagnostic level to unambiguously distinguish patients with FA, including mosaics, from non-FA individuals. Spontaneous chromosome fragility and its correlation with DEB-induced fragility was also analysed, indicating that although both variables are correlated, 54% of patients with FA do not have spontaneous fragility. The data reveal a correlation between malformations and sensitivity to ICL-inducing agents. This correlation was also statistically significant when the analysis was restricted to patients from the FA-A complementation group. Finally, chromosome fragility does not correlate with the age of onset of haematological disease.ConclusionsThis study proposes a new chromosome fragility index and suggests that genome instability during embryo development may be related to malformations in FA, while DEB-induced chromosome breaks in T cells have no prognostic value for the haematological disease.