Human prefrontal layer II interneurons in areas 46, 10 and 24
Background: Prefrontal cortex (PFC) represents the highest level of integration and control of psychic and behavioral states. Several dysfunctions such as autism, hyperactivity disorders, depression, and schizophrenia have been related with alterations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Among the corti...
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Published in | Colombia medica (Cali, Colombia) Vol. 46; no. 1; pp. 19 - 25 |
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Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Colombia
Universidad del Valle - Facultad de Salud
01.01.2015
Universidad del Valle |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Background: Prefrontal cortex (PFC) represents the highest level of
integration and control of psychic and behavioral states. Several
dysfunctions such as autism, hyperactivity disorders, depression, and
schizophrenia have been related with alterations in the prefrontal
cortex (PFC). Among the cortical layers of the PFC, layer II shows a
particular vertical pattern of organization, the highest cell density
and the biggest non-pyramidal/pyramidal neuronal ratio. We currently
characterized the layer II cytoarchitecture in human areas 10, 24, and
46. Objective: We focused particularly on the inhibitory neurons taking
into account that these cells are involved in sustained firing (SF)
after stimuli disappearance. Methods: Postmortem samples from five
subjects who died by causes different to central nervous system
diseases were studied. Immunohistochemistry for the neuronal markers,
NeuN, parvalbumin (PV), calbindin (CB), and calretinin (CR) were used.
NeuN targeted the total neuronal population while the rest of the
markers specifically the interneurons. Results: Cell density and soma
size were statically different between areas 10, 46, 24 when using
NeuN. Layer II of area 46 showed the highest cell density. Regarding
interneurons, PV+-cells of area 46 showed the highest density and size,
in accordance to the proposal of a dual origin of the cerebral cortex.
Interhemispheric asymmetries were not identified between homologue
areas. Conclusion: First, our findings suggest that layer II of area 46
exhibits the most powerful inhibitory system compared to the other
prefrontal areas analyzed. This feature is not only characteristic of
the PFC but also supports a particular role of layer II of area 46 in
SF. Additionally, known functional asymmetries between hemispheres
might not be supported by morphological asymmetries.
Antecedentes: La corteza prefrontal (CPF) representa el nivel más
alto de integración y control de funciones psíquicas y
comportamentales. Varias patologías como autismo, desórdenes
de hiperactividad, depresión y esquizofrenia se han relacionado
con alteraciones de la CPF. La lámina II de las áreas que
constituyen la CPF posee un patrón de organización vertical,
una alta densidad celular y la mayor proporción de neuronas
no-piramidal/piramidal. Sin embargo, la distribución del
componente inhibitorio en estas regiones no se ha descrito. En el
presente estudio nos propusimos caracterizar la lámina II de las
áreas 10, 24 y 46 del humano, particularmente su componente
inhibitorio teniendo en mente su participación en procesos de
actividad sostenida relevantes cuando desaparece el estímulo.
Métodos:. Se utilizaron muestras de cinco sujetos que fallecieron
por causas diferentes a enfermedades del sistema nervioso. Se tomaron
secciones de las áreas 10, 24 y 46 de Brodmann y se procesaron con
los anticuerpos contra NeuN para determinar la población neuronal
total y contra Parvalbumina (PV), Calbindina (CB) y Calretinina (CR)
para analizar la población de interneuronas. Resultados: Los
resultados no mostraron diferencias interhemisféricas entre las
áreas. Sin embargo, las tres áreas seleccionadas son
significativamente diferentes entre sí en todos los
parámetros analizados. El área 46 posee la mayor densidad y
tamaño de interneuronas positivas para PV. Conclusiones: La
ausencia de asimetrías morfológicas no permite explicar las
asimetrías funcionales. La lámina II del área 46 posee
el sistema inhibitorio más poderoso. Teniendo en cuenta la
arquitectura modular de las capas supragranulares, este sistema
inhibitorio subyace a la actividad sostenida, eje fundamental de la
memoria operativa. |
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Bibliography: | Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest |
ISSN: | 0120-8322 1657-9534 |
DOI: | 10.25100/cm.v46i1.1682 |