The effect of Tai Chi on four chronic conditions—cancer, osteoarthritis, heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analyses

• Published in: British journal of sports medicine Vol. 50; no. 7; pp. 397 - 407
• Main Authors: Chen, Yi-Wen, Hunt, Michael A, Campbell, Kristin L, Peill, Kortni, Reid, W Darlene
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BMJ Publishing Group LTD 01.04.2016
• Subjects: Arthritis; Cancer; Cancer therapies; Chronic Disease; Chronic illnesses; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Exercise; Exercise Test; Exercise Therapy - methods; Heart failure; Heart Failure - rehabilitation; Humans; Intervention; Medical Subject Headings-MeSH; Meta-analysis; Middle age; Neoplasms - rehabilitation; Older people; Osteoarthritis - rehabilitation; Pain; Performance evaluation; Physical fitness; Physiology; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - rehabilitation; Quality of life; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Studies; Tai Ji; Martial Arts; Chronic; Exercise; Evidence based review; Meta-analysis
• ISSN: 0306-3674; 1473-0480; 1473-0480
• DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-094388

BackgroundMany middle-aged and older persons have more than one chronic condition. Thus, it is important to synthesise the effectiveness of interventions across several comorbidities. The aim of this systematic review was to summarise current evidence regarding the effectiveness of Tai Chi in individuals with four common chronic conditions—cancer, osteoarthritis (OA), heart failure (HF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods4 databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus) were searched for original articles. Two reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts and then conducted full-text reviews, quality assessment and finally data abstraction. 33 studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses were performed on disease-specific symptoms, physiological outcomes and physical performance of each chronic condition. Subgroup analyses on disease-specific symptoms were conducted by categorising studies into subsets based on the type of comparison groups.ResultsMeta-analyses showed that Tai Chi improved or showed a tendency to improve physical performance outcomes, including 6-min walking distance (6MWD) and knee extensor strength, in most or all four chronic conditions. Tai Chi also improved disease-specific symptoms of pain and stiffness in OA.ConclusionsThe results demonstrated a favourable effect or tendency of Tai Chi to improve physical performance and showed that this type of exercise could be performed by individuals with different chronic conditions, including COPD, HF and OA.