Clinical and biochemical analysis of the ageing tear film

• Published in: British journal of ophthalmology Vol. 104; no. 7; pp. 1028 - 1032
• Main Authors: Mann, Aisling, Campbell, Darren, Mirza, Zeba, Hunt, Olivia, Wolffsohn, James Stuart, Tighe, Brian J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BMJ Publishing Group LTD 01.07.2020
• Subjects: Age; Aged; Aging; Aging - physiology; Cornea; Eye Proteins - metabolism; Female; Humans; Laboratories; Male; Middle Aged; Osmolar Concentration; Pilot Projects; Proteins; Questionnaires; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tears - chemistry; Tears - physiology; Young Adult; United States > US; Japan; California; corneal haemostasis; tear protein; tear film stability; ageing biomarkers
• ISSN: 0007-1161; 1468-2079
• DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313760

BackgroundTear film stability is important for healthy visual function, and yet little is known of the ageing mechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate parallels between biochemical changes and clinical physical parameters, which occur in the tear film of two subject populations differing in age by over 30 years.MethodsTwo distinct age groups were chosen: 11 ‘younger’ (23.7±2.1 years) and 19 ‘older’ (63.0±4.0 years) subjects. A series of clinical tests were performed to access tear volume, tear film stability and general ocular health. Tear protein analyses from extracted Schirmer strips were conducted with the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer.ResultsClinical investigations highlighted significant differences between the age groups. For example: McMonnies scores (p=0.009) and bulbar redness (p=0.038) were higher for the older group, whereas tear meniscus height was larger (p=0.018) in the younger group. Similarly, relative plasma-derived albumin levels were higher (17.1%±12.4%) in the tears of the older, compared with the younger (5.0%±9.6%) group. A protein peak at ∼23 kDa was observed in 53% of the older group samples but in only 36% of the samples of the younger subjects (p=0.122).ConclusionsDistinct differences in tear film composition between the two age groups were observed. Parallels in terms of clinical symptoms which reflected a biochemical response (and vice versa) were found, but specific correlations between clinical measurements and biomarkers for individual subjects were not observed.