Hepatoblastoma and Wilms’ tumour in an infant with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome and diazoxide resistant congenital hyperinsulinism

• Published in: Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports Vol. 2019; no. 1; pp. 1 - 5
• Main Authors: Uppal, Saurabh, Blackburn, James, Didi, Mohammed, Shukla, Rajeev, Hayden, James, Senniappan, Senthil
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Bioscientifica Ltd 27.02.2019; Bioscientifica
• Subjects: Actinomycin D; Alpha-fetoprotein; Anthracyclines; Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome; Beta-hydroxybutyrate; Carboplatin; CD-56; Chemotherapy; Cisplatin; Congenital hyperinsulinism; Cyclophosphamide; Diazoxide; Doxorubicin; Ears - pinna abnormalities; Etoposide; Genetics and mutation; Glucagon; Glucose; Glucose (blood); Hepatoblastoma; Hepatomegaly; Histopathology; Hyperinsulinaemia; Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia; Hypoglycaemia; Immunohistochemistry; Insulin; Kidney; Lanreotide; Liver; Macroglossia; Male; Molecular genetic analysis; MRI; Neonatal; Nephrectomy; Non-esterified free fatty acids; Octreotide; Paediatric endocrinology; Pancreas; Radiotherapy; Renal enlargement; Resection of tumour; Somatostatin analogues; Tumours and neoplasia; Ultrasound scan; Ultrasound-guided biopsy; Unique/unexpected symptoms or presentations of a disease; United Kingdom; Vincristine; White; Wilms tumour protein; Wilms' Tumour; Immunohistochemistry; Neonatal; Somatostatin analogues; Glucagon; Liver; Male; Octreotide; Glucose; Diazoxide; Doxorubicin; Renal enlargement; Histopathology; Nephrectomy; Lanreotide; Paediatric endocrinology; Ultrasound-guided biopsy; Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia; Wilms' Tumour; Tumours and neoplasia; Radiotherapy; Insulin; Macroglossia; Ears - pinna abnormalities; Chemotherapy; Cyclophosphamide; Carboplatin; Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome; Unique/unexpected symptoms or presentations of a disease; CD-56; Anthracyclines; Wilms tumour protein; MRI; Genetics and mutation; Kidney; Alpha-fetoprotein; Ultrasound scan; Hepatomegaly; Beta-hydroxybutyrate; Pancreas; Hyperinsulinaemia; February; Hepatoblastoma; Actinomycin D; Glucose (blood); Hypoglycaemia; Etoposide; United Kingdom; Vincristine; Cisplatin; Non-esterified free fatty acids; 2019; White; Molecular genetic analysis; Resection of tumour; Congenital hyperinsulinism
• ISSN: 2052-0573; 2052-0573
• DOI: 10.1530/EDM-18-0146

Summary Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) can be associated with embryonal tumours and congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI). We present an infant with BWS who developed congenital hepatoblastoma and Wilms’ tumour during infancy. The infant presented with recurrent hypoglycaemia requiring high intravenous glucose infusion and was biochemically confirmed to have CHI. He was resistant to diazoxide but responded well to octreotide and was switched to Lanreotide at 1 year of age. Genetic analysis for mutations of ABCC8 and KCNJ11 were negative. He had clinical features suggestive of BWS. Methylation-sensitive multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification revealed hypomethylation at KCNQ1OT1:TSS-DMR and hypermethylation at H19 /IGF2:IG-DMR consistent with mosaic UPD(11p15). Hepatoblastoma was detected on day 4 of life, which was resistant to chemotherapy, requiring surgical resection. He developed Wilms’ tumour at 3 months of age, which also showed poor response to induction chemotherapy with vincristine and actinomycin D. Surgical resection of Wilms’ tumour was followed by post-operative chemotherapy intensified with cycles containing cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, carboplatin and etoposide, in addition to receiving flank radiotherapy. We report, for the first time, an uncommon association of hepatoblastoma and Wilms’ tumour in BWS in early infancy. Early onset tumours may show resistance to chemotherapy. UPD(11p15) is likely associated with persistent CHI in BWS. Learning points: Long-acting somatostatin analogues are effective in managing persistent CHI in BWS. UPD(11)pat genotype may be a pointer to persistent and severe CHI. Hepatoblastoma and Wilms’ tumour may have an onset within early infancy and early tumour surveillance is essential. Tumours associated with earlier onset may be resistant to recognised first-line chemotherapy.