Intravitreal thalidomide reduces experimental preretinal neovascularisation without induction of retinal toxicity

• Published in: British journal of ophthalmology Vol. 94; no. 4; pp. 504 - 508
• Main Authors: vom Hagen, Franziska, Kamppeter, Bernd A, Erber, Ralf, Jonas, Jost B, Hammes, Hans-Peter
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 01.04.2010; BMJ Publishing Group; BMJ Publishing Group LTD
• Subjects: Age; Angiogenesis; Angiogenesis Inhibitors - administration & dosage; Animals; Apoptosis; Apoptosis - drug effects; Biological and medical sciences; Caspase 3 - metabolism; Diabetes; Diabetic retinopathy; Down-Regulation; Hypoxia; intravitreal; Intravitreal Injections; Macular degeneration; Medical sciences; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Miscellaneous; Ophthalmology; Pathology; proliferative retinopathy; Retina; Retina - enzymology; Retina - pathology; Retinal Neovascularization - drug therapy; Retinal Neovascularization - enzymology; Retinal Neovascularization - pathology; Studies; thalidomide; Thalidomide - administration & dosage; Toxicity; Vascular endothelial growth factor; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - antagonists & inhibitors; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - metabolism; Antineoplastic agent; Antileprous agent; Induction; Psychotropic; Toxicity; Vitreous body; Hypnotic; Retina; Experimental study; Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Neovascularization; Ophthalmology; Sedative; Antiangiogenic agent; Antibacterial agent; Thalidomide
• ISSN: 0007-1161; 1468-2079
• DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2009.158790

Background/aimsProliferative retinopathies remain the most common causes of blindness. Retinal neovascularisation is induced by hypoxic upregulation of angiogenic growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Thalidomide has been shown to be anti-angiogenic via reduction of VEGF levels. We investigated the effect of intravitreal application of thalidomide on neovascularisation and retinal toxicity in a mouse model of proliferative retinopathy.MethodsC57BL/6J mice were exposed to 75% oxygen from postnatal day (p) 7 to p12. Immediately after transfer to room air at p12, mice received an intravitreal injection of 150 μg/μl thalidomide or control solution. Preretinal neovascularisation was quantified at p17. VEGF levels were assessed in whole retinal lysates at p13 and p17. Retinal toxicity was assessed by measuring retinal layer thickness and by analysing caspase-3 activity and apoptotic cell counts in retinal layers to examine retinal apoptosis.ResultsIntravitreal application of thalidomide significantly reduced preretinal neovascularisation by 62% compared with control treated contralateral eyes (p=0.01). Interestingly, this effect was established without a change in retinal VEGF levels. Intravitreal thalidomide was not toxic, as retinal layer thickness, retinal caspase-3 activity and apoptotic cell counts were unaltered.ConclusionThese data indicate that intravitreal application of thalidomide can be an effective and safe way to treat retinal neovascularisation.