Intracytoplasmic sperm injection: state of the art in humans
Among infertile couples, 25% involve both male and female factors, while male factor alone accounts for another 25% due to oligo-, astheno-, teratozoospermia, a combination of the three, or even a complete absence of sperm cells in the ejaculate and can lead to a poor prognosis even with the help of...
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Published in | Reproduction (Cambridge, England) Vol. 154; no. 6; pp. F93 - F110 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
England
Bioscientifica Ltd
01.12.2017
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Among infertile couples, 25% involve both male and female factors, while male factor alone accounts for another 25% due to oligo-, astheno-, teratozoospermia, a combination of the three, or even a complete absence of sperm cells in the ejaculate and can lead to a poor prognosis even with the help of assisted reproductive technology (ART). Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has been with us now for a quarter of a century and in spite of the controversy generated since its inception, it remains in the forefront of the techniques utilized in ART. The development of ICSI in 1992 has drastically decreased the impact of male factor, resulting in millions of pregnancies worldwide for couples who, without ICSI, would have had little chance of having their own biological child. This review focuses on the state of the art of ICSI regarding utility of bioassays that evaluate male factor infertility beyond the standard semen analysis and describes the current application and advances in regard to ICSI, particularly the genetic and epigenetic characteristics of spermatozoa and their impact on reproductive outcome. |
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Bibliography: | This paper is part of an Anniversary Issue celebrating 25 Years of ICSI. The Guest Editor for this section was Professor Gianpiero Palermo; Professor Gianpiero Palermo was not involved in the peer review of this paper, on which he is listed as an author. |
ISSN: | 1470-1626 1741-7899 |
DOI: | 10.1530/REP-17-0374 |