Substance use and risk of suicide among adults who sought mental health and addiction specialty services through a centralised intake process in Nova Scotia: a cross-sectional study

• Published in: BMJ open Vol. 14; no. 10; p. e086487
• Main Authors: Soboka, Matiwos, Stewart, Sherry H, Tibbo, Philip, Wang, JianLi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England British Medical Journal Publishing Group 04.10.2024; BMJ Publishing Group LTD; BMJ Publishing Group
• Subjects: Addiction; Addictions; Adult; Alcohol use; anxiety disorders; Cocaine; COVID-19; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data collection; depression & mood disorders; Drug use; Ecstasy; Female; Hallucinogens; Health services; Humans; Intervention; Male; Marijuana; Mental depression; Mental disorders; mental health; Mental health care; Mental Health Services - statistics & numerical data; Middle Aged; Narcotics; Nova Scotia - epidemiology; Original Research; Pandemics; Population; Prevalence; Psychosis; Risk Factors; substance misuse; Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology; Suicidal behavior; Suicidal Ideation; suicide & self-harm; Suicide - statistics & numerical data; Suicide, Attempted - statistics & numerical data; Suicides & suicide attempts; Tobacco; Young Adult; Nova Scotia; Canada; Nova Scotia Canada; substance misuse; anxiety disorders; suicide & self-harm; depression & mood disorders; mental health; cross-sectional studies
• ISSN: 2044-6055; 2044-6055
• DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-086487

ObjectivesThe objectives of this study are as follows: (1) to estimate the prevalence of suicide risk among individuals seeking mental health and addiction (MHA) services in Nova Scotia; (2) to examine the relationship between substance use and suicide risk among this population.SettingMHA intake programme, a province-wide centralised intake process established in 2019 by the Department of Health and Wellness of Nova Scotia.ParticipantsWe included 22 500 MHA intake clients aged 19–64 years old who contacted MHA intake from 2020 to 2021.Primary outcome measuresDuring the intake assessment, clients were assessed for suicide risk (past suicide attempt, suicidal ideation during the interview or 2 weeks before the interview).ResultsThe lifetime prevalence of suicide attempt was 25.25% in the MHA clients. The prevalence of mild and moderate/high suicide risk was 34.14% and 4.08%, respectively. Clients who used hallucinogens had the highest prevalence of mild and moderate/high suicide risk (61.3% and 12.9%, respectively), followed by amphetamine/methamphetamine (47.6% and 13.3%, respectively) and sedative/hypnotics (47.2% and 8.9%, respectively) users. Stimulant (aOR=1.84, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.75) and hallucinogen (aOR=3.54, 95% CI 1.96 to 6.43) use were associated with increased odds of moderate/high suicide risk compared with denying current use. Additionally, alcohol (aOR=1.17, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.30) and tobacco (aOR=1.20, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.30) use were associated with increased odds of mild suicide risk.ConclusionSuicide behaviours were prevalent among clients seeking MHA services. Substance use is an important factor associated with suicide risk in this population. This result underscored the importance of considering substance use patterns when assessing suicide risk and highlighted the need for targeted interventions and preventive measures for individuals engaging in substance use. Future interventional studies are needed to identify and evaluate effective strategies for reducing substance use and suicide risk among clients of MHA central intake.