Helminths: an unrecognised disease burden prevalent among migrants in the gastroenterology clinic

• Published in: Frontline gastroenterology Vol. 2; no. 2; pp. 124 - 129
• Main Authors: Smith, P J, Theis, B, McCartney, S, Brown, M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 01.04.2011; BMJ Publishing Group LTD; BMJ Group
• Subjects: Clinical Quality
• ISSN: 2041-4137; 2041-4145
• DOI: 10.1136/fg.2010.003392

Objective To estimate the prevalence of, and implement a diagnostic strategy for, imported helminth infection in the gastroenterology clinic. Design A retrospective study of eosinophil count and probable tropical exposure (phase I) followed by a prospective study of parasitological investigation (phase II). Setting Gastroenterology service of an inner London hospital. Patients Adult patients newly attending general gastroenterology and inflammatory bowel disease clinics. Interventions In phase I, evidence of undiagnosed helminth infection was sought by analysing patient records for associations between eosinophil count and ethnicity. In phase II, a UK guideline for investigation of eosinophilia in migrants was implemented and diagnostic yield determined. Main outcome measures In phase I, prevalence of eosinophilia was determined; in phase II, helminth prevalence and degree of eosinophilia before and after treatment were reported. Information on symptomatic response to treatment was recorded. Ethnicity was used as a proxy measure for tropical exposure. Results 426 new patients attended in a 12 month period. Eosinophilia was present in 27 (6.3%). 10/27 (37.0%) patients with eosinophilia were of African or Asian ethnicity whereas only 20% (85/426) of patients overall were from these ethnic groups (χ2=5.27, p=0.02). Following implementation of the protocol, 25/36 migrants with eosinophilia attended for parasitological investigations. Helminth infection was diagnosed in 10/25 (40%). Strongyloidiasis (six patients) and schistosomiasis (three patients) were the most common diagnoses. Median eosinophil count was 1.06×109/l in those with helminths and 0.58×109/l in those without (p=0.004). Eosinophil counts normalised in, and symptomatic improvement was reported by, most patients after treatment. Conclusions Eosinophilia is associated with African or Asian ethnicity in an inner city gastroenterology service. This association is probably explained by imported helminths, which are prevalent in this setting, may be a cause of gastrointestinal symptoms and is easily diagnosed and treated by standard protocols.