Association between dyslipidaemia and dry eye disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

• Published in: BMJ open Vol. 13; no. 11; p. e069283
• Main Authors: Li, Yingsi, Xie, Luoying, Song, Wenjing, Chen, Shudi, Cheng, Yu, Gao, Yuan, Huang, Meiting, Yan, Xiaoming, Yang, Songlin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London British Medical Journal Publishing Group 21.11.2023; BMJ Publishing Group LTD; BMJ Publishing Group
• Subjects: Case reports; Cholesterol; corneal and external diseases; Cross-sectional studies; Drug use; Editorials; Eye diseases; Females; Glaucoma; High density lipoprotein; information management; Lipids; Lipoproteins; medical ophthalmology; Meta-analysis; Metabolic disorders; Observational studies; Ophthalmology; Patients; Risk factors; Systematic review; Triglycerides
• ISSN: 2044-6055; 2044-6055
• DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069283

PurposeTo report a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between dry eye disease (DED) and dyslipidaemia.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were systematically searched from January 2000 to December 2021. We included observational studies to assess the correlation of DED with meibomian gland dysfunction and dyslipidaemia without any language restrictions. The pooled OR with 95% CI was calculated in Stata V.15.ResultsOf 6727 identified studies, 18 studies (21 databases) with a total of 2 663 126 patients were analysed in our meta-analysis. The results showed that DED risk was associated with dyslipidaemia (OR=1.53, 95% CI: 1.41 to 1.66, p=0.001), especially elevated total cholesterol levels (OR=1.57, 95% CI: 1.25 to 1.99, p<0.001), elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (OR=1.13, 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.20, p<0.001) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (OR=1.06, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.11, p<0.001), but not with serum triglyceride levels. Moreover, having a history of lipid-lowering drug use (OR=1.41, 95% CI: 1.19 to 1.67, p<0.001) was also found to be positively associated with DED risk.ConclusionsThe findings suggested that dyslipidaemia and lipid-lowering drug use might be associated with an increased risk of DED. More evidence is needed to confirm the findings by prospective studies.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022296664.