Effects of intravaginal conjugated oestrogen on pessary continuation for pelvic organ prolapse: multicentre, randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial

• Published in: BMJ. British medical journal (Clinical research ed.) Vol. 389; p. e084418
• Main Authors: Zhou, Ying, Yin, Rusha, Zhang, Yuelun, Wang, Xuemei, Jin, Fengbin, Li, Xiangjuan, Peng, Cheng, Wang, Ping, Shen, Haiyan, Weng, Qiao, Xie, Hongbin, Wang, Hong, Jiang, Bengui, Zhou, Kai, Liang, Nannan, He, Yinghui, Dai, Yingying, Fang, Zheng, Liang, Shuo, Zhang, Yiwei, Morse, Abraham, Zhu, Lan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England British Medical Journal Publishing Group 27.06.2025
• Subjects: Administration, Intravaginal; Aged; China; Double-Blind Method; Estrogens - administration & dosage; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) - administration & dosage; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Patient Satisfaction - statistics & numerical data; Pelvic Organ Prolapse - drug therapy; Pelvic Organ Prolapse - therapy; Pessaries; Postmenopause; Treatment Outcome; Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies - administration & dosage; China
• ISSN: 1756-1833
• DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2025-084418

Abstract Objective To examine the effect of vaginal oestrogen cream on pessary continuation rates in pelvic organ prolapse. Design Multicentre, randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial. Setting 12 academic medical centres in China (May 2020-June 2023). Participants Postmenopausal women with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse ≥stage 2 and successfully fitted with ring pessaries were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive oestrogen cream or placebo cream. Interventions One gram of conjugated oestrogen cream (0.625 mg/g) or placebo cream was inserted vaginally every night for the first two weeks after successful pessary fitting followed by twice weekly for 12 months. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was the pessary continuation rate with satisfaction, which was defined as the proportion of participants who continued using the pessary and reported a response of very much better or much better on the Patient Global Impression of Improvement questionnaire at 12 months. Secondary outcomes included self-reported pelvic floor symptoms and adverse events. All analyses were based on a modified intention-to-treat approach, including participants who had at least one visit. Results Of 420 postmenopausal women randomised, 411 had at least one visit and were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis (208 in the vaginal oestrogen group and 203 in the placebo group). The mean age of participants was 66 years. Pessary continuation rate with satisfaction did not differ significantly between the oestrogen group and the placebo group (181/208 (87.0%) v 176/203 (86.7%); risk difference 0.3%, 95% confidence interval −6.2% to 6.9%; P=0.92). Excessive discharge (34/208 (16.3%) v 52/203 (25.6%); −9.3%, −17.1% to −1.4%), vaginal erosion or ulcer (4/208 (1.9%) v 14/203 (6.9%); −5.0%, −8.9% to −1.0%), and vaginal bleeding (3/208 (1.4%) v 13/203 (6.4%); −5.0%, −8.7% to −1.2%) were less common in the vaginal oestrogen group. Conclusions Oestrogen cream did not improve the continuation rate of ring pessary use with satisfaction. Use of oestrogen cream might be associated with a lower risk of common adverse events. The clinical decision to use vaginal oestrogen should take into account its benefits and risks and the patient’s personal preferences. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04393194.