Advanced child tax credit payments and national child abuse hotline contacts, 2019-2022

• Published in: Injury prevention Vol. 30; no. 4; p. 320
• Main Authors: Merrill-Francis, Molly, Chen, May S, Dunphy, Christopher, Swedo, Elizabeth A, Zhang Kudon, Hui, Metzler, Marilyn, Mercy, James A, Zhang, Xinjian, Rogers, Tia M, Wu Shortt, Joann
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BMJ Publishing Group LTD 01.08.2024
• Subjects: American Rescue Plan Act 2021-US; Caregivers; Child; Child abuse & neglect; Child Abuse - economics; Child Abuse - prevention & control; Child tax credit; Child, Preschool; COVID-19; Emergency medical care; Female; Health care; Hotlines - economics; Hotlines - statistics & numerical data; Humans; Income Tax; Infant; Interrupted Time Series Analysis; Male; Pandemics; Payments; Poverty; Sensitivity analysis; Taxation; Teenagers; Telephone hotlines; Time series; United States; United States; United States > US; Policy; Child abuse; Violence; Policy analysis
• ISSN: 1353-8047; 1475-5785
• DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-045130

Children in households experiencing poverty are disproportionately exposed to maltreatment. Income support policies have been associated with reductions in child abuse and neglect. The advance child tax credit (CTC) payments may reduce child maltreatment by improving the economic security of some families. No national studies have examined the association between advance CTC payments and child abuse and neglect. This study examines the association between the advance CTC payments and child abuse and neglect-related contacts to the Childhelp National Child Abuse Hotline. A time series study of contacts to the Childhelp National Child Abuse Hotline between January 2019 and December 2022 was used to examine the association between the payments and hotline contacts. An interrupted time series (ITS) exploiting the variation in the advance CTC payments was estimated using fixed effects. The CTC advance payments were associated with an immediate 13.8% (95% CI -17.5% to -10.0%) decrease in contacts to the hotline in the ITS model. Following the expiration of the advance CTC payments, there was a significant and gradual 0.1% (95% CI +0.0% to +0.2%) daily increase in contacts. Sensitivity analyses found significant reductions in contacts following each payment, however, the reductions were associated with the last three of the six total payments. These findings suggest the advance CTC payments may reduce child abuse and neglect-related hotline contacts and continue to build the evidence base for associations between income-support policies and reductions in child abuse and neglect.