XBB.1.5 monovalent booster improves antibody binding and neutralization against emerging SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants

The rapid emergence of divergent SARS-CoV-2 variants has led to an update of the COVID-19 booster vaccine to a monovalent version containing the XBB.1.5 spike. To determine the neutralization breadth following booster immunization, we collected blood samples from 24 individuals pre- and post-XBB.1.5...

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Published inbioRxiv
Main Authors Jain, Shilpi, Kumar, Sanjeev, Lai, Lilin, Linderman, Susanne, Malik, Ansa A, Ellis, Madison L, Godbole, Sucheta, Solis, Daniel, Sahoo, Malaya K, Bechnak, Kareem, Paredes, Isabel, Tanios, Ralph, Kazzi, Bahaa, Dib, Serena M, Litvack, Matthew B, Wimalasena, Sonia T, Ciric, Caroline, Rostad, Christina, West, Richard, Teng, I-Ting, Wang, Danyi, Edupuganti, Sri, Kwong, Peter D, Rouphael, Nadine, Pinsky, Benjamin A, Douek, Daniel C, Wrammert, Jens, Moreno, Alberto, Suthar, Mehul S
Format Journal Article Paper
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 05.02.2024
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Edition1.1
Subjects
Clinical trials
COVID-19
Immunoglobulin G
Immunological memory
Immunology
Lymphocytes B
Memory cells
mRNA
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Vaccines
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Summary:The rapid emergence of divergent SARS-CoV-2 variants has led to an update of the COVID-19 booster vaccine to a monovalent version containing the XBB.1.5 spike. To determine the neutralization breadth following booster immunization, we collected blood samples from 24 individuals pre- and post-XBB.1.5 mRNA booster vaccination (∼1 month). The XBB.1.5 booster improved both neutralizing activity against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain (WA1) and the circulating Omicron variants, including EG.5.1, HK.3, HV.1, XBB.1.5 and JN.1. Relative to the pre-boost titers, the XBB.1.5 monovalent booster induced greater total IgG and IgG subclass binding, particular IgG4, to the XBB.1.5 spike as compared to the WA1 spike. We evaluated antigen-specific memory B cells (MBCs) using either spike or receptor binding domain (RBD) probes and found that the monovalent booster largely increases non-RBD cross-reactive MBCs. These data suggest that the XBB.1.5 monovalent booster induces cross-reactive antibodies that neutralize XBB.1.5 and related Omicron variants.
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Competing Interest Statement: C.A.R. has received institutional research support from Pfizer Inc., BioFire Inc., GSK plc, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, MedImmune, Micron Technology Inc., ModernaTX, Inc., Merck & Co., Inc., Novavax, PaxVax, Regeneron, Sanofi Pasteur, and from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institutes of Health. She is coinventor of patented RSV vaccine technology which has been licensed to Meissa Vaccines, Inc. N.R. serves as a paid consultant for ICON, CyanVac and EMMES, as a safety consultant for clinical trials and served on the advisory boards for Sanofi, Seqirus, Pfizer and Moderna. Emory receives funds for N.R. to conduct research from Sanofi, Lilly, Merck, Quidel, Immorna, Vaccine Company and Pfizer. M.S.S receives funds to conduct research from Ocugen, Inc.
ISSN:2692-8205
2692-8205
DOI:10.1101/2024.02.03.578771