THU0255 Low bone mineral density is common in axial spondyloarthropathy

• Published in: Annals of the rheumatic diseases Vol. 77; no. Suppl 2; p. 347
• Main Authors: Fitzgerald, G., Anachebe, T., O’ Shea, F.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BMJ Publishing Group LTD 01.06.2018
• Subjects: Arthritis; Bone density; Bone loss; Bone mineral density; Demography; Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; Epidemiology; Femur; Fractures; Hip; Inflammation; Joint diseases; Laboratories; Osteopenia; Osteoporosis; Radius; Rheumatoid arthritis; Spine; Spondyloarthropathy; Statistical analysis; Uric acid; Vertebrae
• ISSN: 0003-4967; 1468-2060
• DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-eular.6287

BackgroundOsteoporosis is a known consequence of inflammatory arthritis (IA). In the general population and IA such as rheumatoid arthritis, the impact of osteoporosis is well outlined. However, it is often ignored in axial spondyloarthropathy (axSpA), a form of IA centred on sacroiliac joints and the spine, as axSpA predominantly affects men, in whom osteoporosis is often not considered. As a result, osteoporosis prevalence figures are unclear, with wide variation in the literature. Accurate epidemiology regarding bone mineral density (BMD) in axSpA is crucial to begin understanding the impact of low BMD in this cohort.Objectives1. Investigate the prevalence of low BMD in a well-characterised axSpA cohort2. Explore relationships (demographic, disease-related, laboratory) between BMD and axSpA.MethodsA detailed assessment was performed on axSpA patients, including demographics, clinical characteristics and laboratory investigations. Disease severity was assessed with tools validated in axSpA: ASDAS-CRP and BASDAI (disease activity), BASMI (spinal mobility) and BASFI (function). BMD was assessed using DXA of the spine, hip and radius. Lateral vertebral assessment (LVA) was also performed. The WHO criteria were used to classify low BMD. SPSS was used for statistical analysis.ResultsOne hundred and four patients with axSpA were consecutively recruited: 77.9% (n=81) male, 98.1% (n=102) Caucasian, mean (SD) age 5112 years, disease duration 2613 years. The mean (SD) ASDAS-CRP was 2.3 (1), BASDAI was 3.9 (2.2), BASMI was 4.3 (1.9) and BASFI was 3.8 (2.5), reflecting mild to moderate disease burden. A history of fracture was present in 42.3% (n=44) of the cohort, with only 3 fragility fractures reported.Of the cohort, 42.3% (n=44) had osteopenia and 16.3% (n=17) had osteoporosis. Low BMD was most prevalent at the spine, with 44% of the cohort affected, followed by the femoral neck (30.1%, n=22). Low BMD at the radius was uncommon (<10% of the cohort). Only 6.4% of the cohort had a prior diagnosis of osteoporosis and only 39.4% had a previous DXA.Three vertebral fractures were detected on LVA – all patients were unaware of these fractures prior to the study.Female gender, higher BASFI, lower BMI and lower urate levels were significantly associated with bone loss at both the spine and the hip. ASDAS-CRP and BASDAI had no impact on low BMD. Additionally, longer disease duration was associated with spine BMD loss. Non-obese patients were more likely to have low BMD at any site than obese patients (62.3% v 40%, OR 2.5, p=0.04). The use of biologics didn’t influence BMD.ConclusionsLow BMD is common in this axSpA cohort, with over 50% of patients affected. Most cases of low BMD were undiagnosed prior to this study and less than half of the cohort had ever had a DXA, suggesting a continued low awareness of the risk of osteoporosis in a male-dominated disease.Disclosure of InterestNone declared