Grain Yield is not Impacted by Early Defoliation of Maize: Implications for Fall Armyworm1 Action Thresholds

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), now is arguably the most important global insect pest of maize, Zea mays L., in the world. Maize growers in the Americas have battled the pest for centuries, and control recommendations have been adapted for Africa and Asia, based on contrasting...

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Published inThe Southwestern entomologist Vol. 47; no. 2; pp. 335 - 344
Main Authors Blanco, Carlos A., Conover, Kevin, Hernandez, Gerardo, Valentini, Giseli, Portilla, Maribel, Abel, Craig A., Williams, Paul, Nava-Camberos, Urbano, Hutchison, William D., Dively, Galen P.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Society of Southwestern Entomologists 17.06.2022
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Summary:The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), now is arguably the most important global insect pest of maize, Zea mays L., in the world. Maize growers in the Americas have battled the pest for centuries, and control recommendations have been adapted for Africa and Asia, based on contrasting results of the impact on yield when the pest infests young maize plants. Important control decision-making tools such as action thresholds, or economic thresholds, are not completely developed to control fall armyworms, and insecticide applications are still recommended at low levels of infestation on young plants. To further assess the damage-yield relationship for fall armyworm, we manually removed 0, 33, and 66% of foliage when maize had 1-2 (V1-V2), and 3-4 (V3-V4) fully developed leaves. The amount of defoliation did not reduce maize yield potential when compared with nondefoliated plants, regardless of the defoliation timing: V1-V2 or V3-V4. Fertilizing defoliated plants significantly yielded more grain than non-fertilized plants, and these obvious results showed that smallholder maize growers that can afford investing in either fertilizer or insecticide will benefit more from the former. Our results add to the number of reports that indicate young maize plants can compensate for large amounts of defoliation without reducing yields. El cogollero del maíz, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), es indudablemente la plaga más importante de este cultivo a nivel mundial. Los maiceros del continente americano han batallado con esta plaga por décadas, y sus recomendaciones de control se han adaptado para África y Asia, basadas en resultados contrastantes sobre el impacto en la producción cuando esta plaga infesta plantas en etapas tempranas. Importantes mecanismos para tomar la decisión de control como el umbral de daño no están completamente desarrollados, y la aplicación de insecticidas aún se recomienda para niveles bajos de infestación en plantas jóvenes. En este estudio, se removió manualmente 0, 33, y 66% del follaje cuando las plantas tenían 1-2 (V1-V2) o 3-4 (V3-V4) hojas completamente desarrolladas. Estas tazas de defoliación no redujeron el rendimiento de maíz cuando se compararon con las plantas que no se defoliaron, independientemente del tiempo de defoliación V1-V2 o V3-V4. Plantas defoliadas y fertilizadas produjeron significativamente más grano que las plantas no fertilizadas. Nuestros resultados aumentan el número de reportes que indican que las plantas de maíz en ≤V4 tienen la capacidad de compensar altos niveles de defoliación sin reducir sus rendimientos.
ISSN:0147-1724
2162-2647
DOI:10.3958/059.047.0209