SARS-CoV-2 evolution and patient immunological history shape the breadth and potency of antibody-mediated immunity

Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, humans have been exposed to distinct SARS-CoV-2 antigens, either by infection with different variants, and/or vaccination. Population immunity is thus highly heterogeneous, but the impact of such heterogeneity on the effectiveness and breadth of the antibody-mediat...

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Published inbioRxiv
Main Authors Manali, Maria, Bissett, Laura A, Amat, Julien, Logan, Nicola, Scott, Sam, Hughes, Ellen, Harvey, William, Orton, Richard, Thomson, Emma, Gunson, Rory, Viana, Mafalda, Willett, Brian, Pablo Ramiro Murcia
Format Paper
LanguageEnglish
Published Cold Spring Harbor Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 06.05.2022
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Edition1.1
Subjects
Antibodies
Antigenicity
Antigens
Herd immunity
Immunology
Microbiology
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Vaccination
SARS-CoV-2
immunological history
antibody-mediated immunity
virus neutralisation
virus evolution
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Summary:Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, humans have been exposed to distinct SARS-CoV-2 antigens, either by infection with different variants, and/or vaccination. Population immunity is thus highly heterogeneous, but the impact of such heterogeneity on the effectiveness and breadth of the antibody-mediated response is unclear. We measured antibody-mediated neutralisation responses against SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan, SARS-CoV-2a, SARS-CoV-2d and SARS-CoV-2o pseudoviruses using sera from patients with distinct immunological histories, including naive, vaccinated, infected with SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan, SARS-CoV-2a or SARS-CoV-2d, and vaccinated/infected individuals. We show that the breadth and potency of the antibody-mediated response is influenced by the number, the variant, and the nature (infection or vaccination) of exposures, and that individuals with mixed immunity acquired by vaccination and natural exposure exhibit the broadest and most potent responses. Our results suggest that the interplay between host immunity and SARS-CoV-2 evolution will shape the antigenicity and subsequent transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2, with important implications for future vaccine design. Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.
Bibliography:SourceType-Working Papers-1
ObjectType-Working Paper/Pre-Print-1
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Competing Interest Statement: The authors have declared no competing interest.
ISSN:2692-8205
2692-8205
DOI:10.1101/2022.05.06.490867