Gremlin, a Bone Morphogenetic Protein Antagonist, Is a Crucial Angiogenic Factor in Pituitary Adenoma

Gremlin is an antagonist of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and a major driving force in skeletal modeling in the fetal stage. Several recent reports have shown that Gremlin is also involved in angiogenesis of lung cancer and diabetic retinopathy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ro...

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Published inInternational Journal of Endocrinology Vol. 2015; no. 2015; pp. 117 - 123-213
Main Authors Morita, Akio, Tahara, Shigeyuki, Ishii, Yudo, Kim, Kyongsong, Yoshida, Daizo, Koketsu, Kenta, Teramoto, Akira
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Cairo, Egypt Hindawi Limiteds 01.01.2015
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Hindawi Limited
Subjects
Angiogenesis
Antibodies
Bone morphogenetic proteins
Cybernetics
Development and progression
Endocrinology
Genetic aspects
Growth factors
Kinases
Ligands
Microscopy
Neovascularization
Physiological aspects
Pituitary gland tumors
Regression analysis
Software
Thyroid cancer
Tumorigenesis
Tumors
Japan
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Summary:Gremlin is an antagonist of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and a major driving force in skeletal modeling in the fetal stage. Several recent reports have shown that Gremlin is also involved in angiogenesis of lung cancer and diabetic retinopathy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Gremlin in tumor angiogenesis in pituitary adenoma. Double fluorescence immunohistochemistry of Gremlin and CD34 was performed in pituitary adenoma tissues obtained during transsphenoidal surgery in 45 cases (7 PRLoma, 17 GHoma, 2 ACTHoma, and 2 TSHoma). Gremlin and microvascular density (MVD) were detected by double-immunofluorescence microscopy in CD34-positive vessels from tissue microarray analysis of 60 cases of pituitary adenomas (6 PRLoma, 23 GHoma, 22 NFoma, 5 ACTHoma, and 4 TSHoma). In tissue microarray analysis, MVD was significantly correlated with an increased Gremlin level (linear regression: P < 0.005, r 2 = 0.4958 ). In contrast, Gremlin expression showed no correlation with tumor subtype or Knosp score. The high level of expression of Gremlin in pituitary adenoma tissue with many CD34-positive vessels and the strong coherence of these regions indicate that Gremlin is associated with angiogenesis in pituitary adenoma cells.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
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Academic Editor: Amelie Bonnefond
ISSN:1687-8337
1687-8345
DOI:10.1155/2015/834137