High-throughput Methods Redefine the Rumen Microbiome and Its Relationship with Nutrition and Metabolism

Diversity in the forestomach microbiome is one of the key features of ruminant animals. The diverse microbial community adapts to a wide array of dietary feedstuffs and management strategies. Understanding rumen microbiome composition, adaptation, and function has global implications ranging from cl...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inBioinformatics and Biology Insights Vol. 2014; no. 8; pp. 109 - 125
Main Authors Mccann, Joshua C., Wickersham, Tryon A., Loor, Juan J.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London, England Libertas Academica 01.01.2014
SAGE Publishing
SAGE Publications
Sage Publications Ltd. (UK)
Sage Publications Ltd
Subjects
Analysis
Animal feeding and feeds
Animal production
Archaea
Bar codes
Cattle
Cattle production
Climatology
Fermentation
Genomics
Microbiology
Nutrition
Review
RNA
Rumen
Ruminantia
Strategic planning (Business)
nutrition
cattle
metabolism
microbiome
rumen
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Summary:Diversity in the forestomach microbiome is one of the key features of ruminant animals. The diverse microbial community adapts to a wide array of dietary feedstuffs and management strategies. Understanding rumen microbiome composition, adaptation, and function has global implications ranging from climatology to applied animal production. Classical knowledge of rumen microbiology was based on anaerobic, culture-dependent methods. Next-generation sequencing and other molecular techniques have uncovered novel features of the rumen microbiome. For instance, pyrosequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene has revealed the taxonomic identity of bacteria and archaea to the genus level, and when complemented with barcoding adds multiple samples to a single run. Whole genome shotgun sequencing generates true metagenomic sequences to predict the functional capability of a microbiome, and can also be used to construct genomes of isolated organisms. Integration of high-throughput data describing the rumen microbiome with classic fermentation and animal performance parameters has produced meaningful advances and opened additional areas for study. In this review, we highlight recent studies of the rumen microbiome in the context of cattle production focusing on nutrition, rumen development, animal efficiency, and microbial function.
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ISSN:1177-9322
1177-9322
DOI:10.4137/BBI.S15389