Dietary resilience among hunter-gatherers of Tierra del Fuego: Isotopic evidence in a diachronic perspective

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 12; no. 4; p. e0175594
• Main Authors: Tafuri, Mary Anne, Zangrando, Atilio Francisco Javier, Tessone, Augusto, Kochi, Sayuri, Moggi Cecchi, Jacopo, Di Vincenzo, Fabio, Profico, Antonio, Manzi, Giorgio
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 13.04.2017; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: 19th century; Animals; Anthropology, Physical - history; Aquatic Organisms - chemistry; Archaeology; Biology and Life Sciences; Bone and Bones - chemistry; Bridges; Canals; Carbon 13; Carbon Isotopes - analysis; Collagen; Collagen - chemistry; Contraction; Diet; Earth Sciences; Ecology; Exploitation; Extinction; Feeding Behavior; Female; Food; Genetic aspects; Geologic Sediments - analysis; History, Ancient; Human remains; Humans; Hunter-gatherers; Indians, South American; Isotopes; Male; Marine mammals; Medicine and Health Sciences; Nitrogen Isotopes - analysis; Paleolithic diet; Physical Sciences; Seals; Social Sciences; South America; Terrestrial environments; Argentina; South America; Tierra del Fuego
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175594

The native groups of Patagonia have relied on a hunter-gatherer economy well after the first Europeans and North Americans reached this part of the world. The large exploitation of marine mammals (i.e., seals) by such allochthonous groups has had a strong impact on the local ecology in a way that might have forced the natives to adjust their subsistence strategies. Similarly, the introduction of new foods might have changed local diet. These are the premises of our isotopic-based analysis. There is a large set of paleonutritional investigations through isotopic analysis on Fuegians groups, however a systematic exploration of food practices across time in relation to possible pre- and post-contact changes is still lacking. In this paper we investigate dietary variation in hunter-gatherer groups of Tierra del Fuego in a diachronic perspective, through measuring the isotopic ratio of carbon (∂13C) and nitrogen (∂15N) in the bone collagen of human and a selection of terrestrial and marine animal samples. The data obtained reveal an unexpected isotopic uniformity across prehistoric and recent groups, with little variation in both carbon and nitrogen mean values, which we interpret as the possible evidence of resilience among these groups and persistence of subsistence strategies, allowing inferences on the dramatic contraction (and extinction) of Fuegian populations.