Latent Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Adipose Tissue

• Published in: International Journal of Endocrinology Vol. 2017; no. 2017; pp. 1 - 12
• Main Authors: Menshikov, M., Ratner, E., Vorotnikov, A. V., Stafeev, I. S., Parfyonova, Ye
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cairo, Egypt Hindawi Limiteds 01.01.2017; Hindawi Publishing Corporation; Hindawi; John Wiley & Sons, Inc; Hindawi Limited
• Subjects: Adipocytes; Adipose tissues; Binding sites; Body fat; Care and treatment; Diabetes; Endocrinology; Endothelium; Fatty acids; Glucose; Health aspects; Insulin resistance; Kinases; Lipids; Liver; Localization; Metabolic diseases; Metabolism; Musculoskeletal system; Obesity; Phosphorylation; Proteins; Review; Risk factors; Triglycerides
• ISSN: 1687-8337; 1687-8345
• DOI: 10.1155/2017/5076732

Obesity is a growing problem in modern society and medicine. It closely associates with metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hepatic and cardiovascular diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, atherosclerosis, myocarditis, and hypertension. Obesity is often associated with latent inflammation; however, the link between inflammation, obesity, T2DM, and cardiovascular diseases is still poorly understood. Insulin resistance is the earliest feature of metabolic disorders. It mostly develops as a result of dysregulated insulin signaling in insulin-sensitive cells, as compared to inactivating mutations in insulin receptor or signaling proteins that occur relatively rare. Here, we argue that inflammatory signaling provides a link between latent inflammation, obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic disorders. We further hypothesize that insulin-activated PI3-kinase pathway and inflammatory signaling mediated by several IκB kinases may constitute negative feedback leading to insulin resistance at least in the fat tissue. Finally, we discuss perspectives for anti-inflammatory therapies in treating the metabolic diseases.