Emerging Role of PACAP as a New Potential Therapeutic Target in Major Diabetes Complications

Enduring diabetes increases the probability of developing secondary damage to numerous systems, and these complications represent a cause of morbidity and mortality. Establishing the causes of diabetes remains the key step to eradicate the disease, but prevention as well as finding therapies to amel...

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Published inInternational Journal of Endocrinology Vol. 2015; no. 2015; pp. 110 - 120-012
Main Authors Waschek, James A., Drago, Filippo, Scuderi, Soraya, Marzagalli, Rubina, Castorina, Alessandro
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Cairo, Egypt Hindawi Limiteds 01.01.2015
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Hindawi Limited
Subjects
Binding sites
Cardiovascular disease
Diabetes
Diabetic neuropathy
Diabetic retinopathy
Drug therapy
Endocrinology
Endoplasmic reticulum
Glucose
Insulin resistance
Kinases
Neuropeptides
Permeability
Photoreceptors
Polypeptides
Proteins
Retina
Review
Risk factors
Type 2 diabetes
United States
Italy
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Summary:Enduring diabetes increases the probability of developing secondary damage to numerous systems, and these complications represent a cause of morbidity and mortality. Establishing the causes of diabetes remains the key step to eradicate the disease, but prevention as well as finding therapies to ameliorate some of the major diabetic complications is an equally important step to increase life expectancy and quality for the millions of individuals already affected by the disease or who are likely to develop it before cures become routinely available. In this review, we will firstly summarize some of the major complications of diabetes, including endothelial and pancreatic islets dysfunction, retinopathy, and nephropathy, and then discuss the emerging roles exerted by the neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) to counteract these ranges of pathologies that are precipitated by the prolonged hyperglycemic state. Finally, we will describe the main signalling routes activated by the peptide and propose possible future directions to focus on developing more effective peptide-based therapies to treat the major complications associated with longstanding diabetes.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-2
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Academic Editor: Janaka Karalliedde
ISSN:1687-8337
1687-8345
DOI:10.1155/2015/160928