Electrically Programmable Pixelated Graphene-Integrated Plasmonic Metasurfaces for Coherent Mid-Infrared Emission

• Main Authors: Liu, Xiu, Zhong, Yibai, Wang, Zexiao, Huang, Tianyi, Lin, Sen, Zou, Jingyi, Wang, Haozhe, Wang, Zhien, Li, Zhuo, Luo, Xiao, Cheng, Rui, Li, Jiayu, Yun, Hyeong Seok, Wang, Han, Kong, Jing, Zhang, Xu, Shen, Sheng
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 11.03.2024
• Subjects: Physics - Applied Physics; Physics - Optics
• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2403.07145

Active metasurfaces have recently emerged as compact, lightweight, and efficient platforms for dynamic control of electromagnetic fields and optical responses. However, the complexities associated with their post-fabrication tunability significantly hinder their widespread applications, especially for the mid-infrared range due to material scarcity and design intricacy. Here, we experimentally demonstrate highly dynamic, pixelated modulations of coherent mid-infrared emission based on an electrically programmable plasmonic metasurface integrated with graphene field effect transistors (Gr-FETs). The ultrabroad infrared transparency of graphene allows for free-form control over plasmonic meta-atoms, thus achieving coherent mid-infrared states across a broad range of wavelengths and polarizations. The spatial temperature modulation generated by Gr-FETs is effectively synergized with the emissivity control by the localized surface plasmon polaritons from gold nanoantennas. This integrated temperature-emissivity modulation of metasurfaces is systematically extended to form a pixelated 2D array, envisioning new approaches toward scalable 2D electrical wiring for densely packed, independently controlled pixels.