SemperFi: A Spoofer Eliminating GPS Receiver for UAVs
It is well-known that GPS is vulnerable to signal spoofing attacks. Although several spoofing detection techniques exist, they are incapable of mitigation and recovery from stealthy attackers. In this work, we present SemperFi, a single antenna GPS receiver capable of tracking legitimate GPS satelli...
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Main Authors | , , , |
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Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
05.05.2021
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | It is well-known that GPS is vulnerable to signal spoofing attacks. Although
several spoofing detection techniques exist, they are incapable of mitigation
and recovery from stealthy attackers. In this work, we present SemperFi, a
single antenna GPS receiver capable of tracking legitimate GPS satellite
signals and estimating the true location even during a spoofing attack. The
main challenge in building SemperFi is, unlike most wireless systems where
\emph{the data} contained in the wireless signals is important, GPS relies on
the time of arrival (ToA) of satellite signals. SemperFi is capable of
distinguishing spoofing signals and recovering legitimate GPS signals that are
even completely overshadowed by a strong adversary. We exploit the short-term
stability of inertial sensors to identify the spoofing signal and extend the
successive interference cancellation algorithm to preserve the legitimate
signal's ToA. We implement SemperFi in GNSS-SDR, an open-source
software-defined GNSS receiver, and evaluate its performance using UAV
simulators, real drones, a variety of real-world GPS datasets, and various
embedded platforms. Our evaluation results indicate that in many scenarios,
SemperFi can identify adversarial peaks by executing flight patterns that are
less than 50 m long and recover the true location within 10 seconds (Jetson
Xavier). We show that our receiver is secure against stealthy attackers who
exploit inertial sensor errors and execute seamless takeover attacks. We design
SemperFi as a pluggable module capable of generating a spoofer-free GPS signal
for processing on any commercial-off-the-shelf GPS receiver available today.
Finally, we release our implementation to the community for usage and further
research. |
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DOI: | 10.48550/arxiv.2105.01860 |