Nanoscale Extracellular Vesicle Analysis in Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis and Therapy

• Published in: International journal of alzheimer's disease Vol. 2016; no. 2016; pp. 1 - 10
• Main Authors: John, Varghese, Campagna, Jesus, Bilousova, Tina, Heinzelman, Pete
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cairo, Egypt Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016; Hindawi Limited; Wiley
• Subjects: Alzheimer's disease; Analysis; Biochemistry; Biomarkers; Brain; Brain research; Care and treatment; Central nervous system; Diagnosis; Diagnostic software; Diagnostic systems; Drug development; Extracellular vesicles; Flow cytometry; Health aspects; Management; Medical diagnosis; Medical research; Membranes; Methods; Neurosciences; Ovarian cancer; Prophylaxis; Proteins; Proteomics; Review; Ribonucleic acid; RNA; Smartphones; Three dimensional analysis
• ISSN: 2090-8024; 2090-0252; 2090-0252
• DOI: 10.1155/2016/8053139

Diagnostic assays that leverage bloodborne neuron-derived (neuronal) nanoscale extracellular vesicles (nsEVs) as “windows into the brain” can predict incidence of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) many years prior to onset. Beyond diagnostics, bloodborne neuronal nsEVs analysis may have substantial translational impact by revealing mechanisms of AD pathology; such knowledge could enlighten new drug targets and lead to new therapeutic approaches. The potential to establish three-dimensional nsEV analysis methods that characterize highly purified bloodborne nsEV populations in method of enrichment, cell type origin, and protein or RNA abundance dimensions could bring this promise to bear by yielding nsEV “omics” datasets that uncover new AD biomarkers and enable AD therapeutic development. In this review we provide a survey of both the current status of and new developments on the horizon in the field of neuronal nsEV analysis. This survey is supplemented by a discussion of the potential to translate such neuronal nsEV analyses to AD clinical diagnostic applications and drug development.