Mental Health Outcomes in US Children and Adolescents Born Prematurely or with Low Birthweight

• Published in: Depression Research and Treatment Vol. 2013; no. 2013; pp. 105 - 117
• Main Authors: Singh, Gopal K., Kenney, Mary Kay, Ghandour, Reem M., Kogan, Michael D., Lu, Michael C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cairo, Egypt Hindawi Limiteds 2013; Hindawi Puplishing Corporation; Hindawi Publishing Corporation; John Wiley & Sons, Inc; Hindawi Limited
• Subjects: Analysis; Babies; Bias; Birth weight; Demographic aspects; Infant mortality; Mental health; Premature birth; Psychological aspects; Socioeconomic factors; Studies; Teenagers; Youth; United States
• ISSN: 2090-1321; 2090-133X
• DOI: 10.1155/2013/570743

We examined the effects of prematurity (<37 weeks of gestation) and low birthweight (<2500 g) on mental health outcomes among US children aged 2–17 years. The 2011-2012 National Survey of Children’s Health (N = 95,677) was used to estimate prevalence of parent-reported mental health problems in children. Prevalence of mental disorders was 22.9% among children born prematurely, 28.7% among very-low-birth-weight (<1500 g) children, and 18.9% among moderately low-birth-weight (1500–2499 g) children, compared with 15.5% in the general child population. Compared to those born full term, children born prematurely had 61% higher adjusted odds of serious emotional/behavioral problems, 33% higher odds of depression, and 58% higher odds of anxiety. Children born prematurely had 2.3 times higher odds of autism/ASD, 2.9 times higher odds of development delay, and 2.7 times higher odds of intellectual disability than term children. Very-low-birth-weight children had 3.2 times higher odds of autism/ASD, 1.7 times higher odds of ADD/ADHD, 5.4 times higher odds of development delay, and 4.4 times higher odds of intellectual disability than normal-birth-weight children. Social factors were significant predictors of mental disorders in both premature/low-birth-weight and term/normal-birth-weight children. Neurodevelopmental conditions accounted for the relationship between prematurity and depression/anxiety/conduct problems. Prematurity and low birthweight are significant risk factors for mental health problems among children.