Searching for substellar companion candidates with Gaia. II. A catalog of 9,698 planet candidate solar-type hosts

• Published in: Astronomy and astrophysics (Berlin) Vol. 631
• Main Authors: Kiefer, Flavien, Lagrange, Anne-Marie, Rubini, Pascal, Philipot, Florian
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: EDP Sciences 25.09.2024
• Subjects: Physics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics; Physics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics; Physics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics; Sciences of the Universe; Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM); Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP); FOS: Physical sciences; Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
• ISSN: 0004-6361; 1432-0746
• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2409.16993

In a previous paper, we introduced a new tool called GaiaPMEX. It characterizes the mass and semi-major axis relative to the central star (sma) of a possible companion around any source observed with Gaia. It uses the value of RUWE, or, with both Gaia and Hipparcos, the value of proper motion anomaly (PMa), alone or combined with the RUWE. Our goal is to exploit the large volume of sources in Gaia's DR3 and find new exoplanet candidates. We wish to create a new input catalog of planet-candidate hosting systems to the disposal of future follow-up projects. Beyond G=14, this catalog would prepare the arrival of powerful instruments on the ELTs, that could include RV follow-up of faint stars and direct imaging of planets around main sequence Gyr-old stars. We used the mass-sma degenerate set of solutions obtained by GaiaPMEX from any value of RUWE to select a sample of bright (G<16) Gaia sources whose companions could be planetary, with a mass <13.5 MJup. It led us to identify a sample of 9,698 planet candidate hosting sources, whose companion may have a mass <13.5 MJup in the range of 1-3-au sma. We identified 19 systems that are also reported in the Nasa exoplanet archive. We detected 8 substellar companions with a 1-3-au sma, initially discovered and characterised with RV and astrometry. Moreover, we found 6 transiting-planet systems and 2 wide-orbit systems for whom we predict the existence of supplementary companions. Focusing on the subsample of sources observed with Hipparcos, combining RUWE and PMa, we confirmed the identification of 4 new planetary candidate systems HD 187129, HD 81697, CD-42 883, and HD 105330. Given the degeneracy of mass-sma, many of the candidates in this 9,698 sources catalog might have a larger mass, in the brown-dwarf and stellar domain, if their sma departs from the 1-3-au range. The vetting of this large catalog will be the subject of future studies.