Phenols and Hydroxy-PAHs (Arylphenols) as Tracers for Coal Smoke Particulate Matter:  Source Tests and Ambient Aerosol Assessments

• Published in: Environmental science & technology Vol. 41; no. 21; pp. 7294 - 7302
• Main Authors: Simoneit, Bernd R. T, Bi, Xinhui, Oros, Daniel R, Medeiros, Patricia M, Sheng, Guoying, Fu, Jiamo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC American Chemical Society 01.11.2007
• Subjects: 01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT; AEROSOLS; Air Pollutants - analysis; AIR POLLUTION MONITORING; Airborne particulates; ALKANES; Alkanes - analysis; Analysis methods; Applied sciences; Atmospheric pollution; CHINA; COAL; COAL RANK; Combustion and energy production; COMBUSTION PRODUCTS; EMISSION; Emissions; Environmental monitoring; Environmental Monitoring - methods; Environmental science; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; Exact sciences and technology; HYDROXY COMPOUNDS; OREGON; PARTICULATES; PETROLEUM PRODUCTS; PHENOLS; Phenols - analysis; Pollution; Pollution sources. Measurement results; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis; SAMPLING; SEASONAL VARIATIONS; Smoke - analysis; SMOKES; TESTING; TRACER TECHNIQUES; URBAN AREAS; USA; Oregon; Asia; United States; North America; China; America; United States > US; Corvallis Oregon; China, People's Rep., Guangdong Prov., Guangzhou; USA; China, People's Rep., Beijing; USA, Oregon, Corvallis; China, People's Rep., Taiyuan; Hydrocarbon; Power production; Polycyclic compound; Combustion; Persistent organic pollutant; Aerosols; Coal power plant; Phenols; Air pollution; Aromatic compound; Fumes; Organic compounds; Tracers
• ISSN: 0013-936X; 1520-5851
• DOI: 10.1021/es071072u

Source tests were conducted to analyze and characterize diagnostic key tracers for emissions from burning of coals with various ranks. Ambient aerosol particulate matter was also collected in three areas of China and a background area in Corvallis, OR (U.S.) to confirm the presence of tracers specific for coal smoke. The results showed a series of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and phenolic compounds, including PAHs and hydroxy-PAHs as the major tracers, as well as a significant unresolved complex mixture (UCM) of compounds. The tracers that were found characteristic of coal combustion processes included hydroxy-PAHs and PAHs. Atmospheric ambient samples from Beijing and Taiyuan, cities where coal is burned in northern China, revealed that the hydroxy-PAH tracers were present during the wintertime, but not in cities where coal is not commonly used (e.g., Guangzhou, South China). Thus, the mass of hydroxy-PAHs can be apportioned to coal smoke and the source strength modeled by summing the proportional contents of EC (elemental carbon), PAHs, UCM and alkanes with the hydroxy-PAHs.