Early Hominin Foot Morphology Based on 1.5-Million-Year-Old Footprints from Ileret, Kenya

• Published in: Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) Vol. 323; no. 5918; pp. 1197 - 1201
• Main Authors: Bennett, Matthew R, Harris, John W.K, Richmond, Brian G, Braun, David R, Mbua, Emma, Kiura, Purity, Olago, Daniel, Kibunjia, Mzalendo, Omuombo, Christine, Behrensmeyer, Anna K, Huddart, David, Gonzalez, Silvia
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Association for the Advancement of Science 27.02.2009; The American Association for the Advancement of Science
• Subjects: Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Body Size; Evolutionary biology; Feet; Foot - anatomy & histology; Foot - physiology; Foot bones; Fossils; Gait; Geologic Sediments; Hallux - anatomy & histology; Hominidae - anatomy & histology; Hominidae - physiology; Hominids; Humans; Kenya; Landmarks; Locomotion; Nomographs; Paleontology; Pressure; Sediments; Silts; Software; Toes; Toes - anatomy & histology; Toes - physiology; Tuff; Walking; Kenya; Ileret Kenya
• ISSN: 0036-8075; 1095-9203
• DOI: 10.1126/science.1168132

Hominin footprints offer evidence about gait and foot shape, but their scarcity, combined with an inadequate hominin fossil record, hampers research on the evolution of the human gait. Here, we report hominin footprints in two sedimentary layers dated at 1.51 to 1.53 million years ago (Ma) at Ileret, Kenya, providing the oldest evidence of an essentially modern human-like foot anatomy, with a relatively adducted hallux, medial longitudinal arch, and medial weight transfer before push-off. The size of the Ileret footprints is consistent with stature and body mass estimates for Homo ergaster/erectus, and these prints are also morphologically distinct from the 3.75-million-year-old footprints at Laetoli, Tanzania. The Ileret prints show that by 1.5 Ma, hominins had evolved an essentially modern human foot function and style of bipedal locomotion.