Late Carboniferous paleoichnology reveals the oldest full-body impression of a flying insect
Insects were the first animals to evolve powered flight and did so perhaps 90 million years before the first flight among vertebrates. However, the earliest fossil record of flying insect lineages (Pterygota) is poor, with scant indirect evidence from the Devonian and a nearly complete dearth of mat...
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Published in | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 108; no. 16; pp. 6515 - 6519 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
United States
National Academy of Sciences
19.04.2011
National Acad Sciences |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Insects were the first animals to evolve powered flight and did so perhaps 90 million years before the first flight among vertebrates. However, the earliest fossil record of flying insect lineages (Pterygota) is poor, with scant indirect evidence from the Devonian and a nearly complete dearth of material from the Early Carboniferous. By the Late Carboniferous a diversity of flying lineages is known, mostly from isolated wings but without true insights into the paleoethology of these taxa. Here, we report evidence of a full-body impression of a flying insect from the Late Carboniferous Wamsutta Formation of Massachusetts, representing the oldest trace fossil of Pterygota. Through ethological and morphological analysis, the trace fossil provides evidence that its maker was a flying insect and probably was representative of a stem-group lineage of mayflies. The nature of this current full-body impression somewhat blurs distinctions between the systematics of traces and trace makers, thus adding to the debate surrounding ichnotaxonomy for traces with well-associated trace makers. |
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Bibliography: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1015948108 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Author contributions: R.J.K. and J.S.B. designed research; R.J.K. and J.S.B. performed research; R.J.K., M.S.E., and J.S.B. analyzed data, and R.J.K., M.S.E., and J.S.B. wrote the paper. Edited by May R. Berenbaum, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, and approved March 8, 2011 (received for review October 23, 2010) |
ISSN: | 0027-8424 1091-6490 |
DOI: | 10.1073/pnas.1015948108 |