Transglutaminase-Catalyzed Site-Specific Conjugation of Small-Molecule Probes to Proteins in Vitro and on the Surface of Living Cells

• Published in: Journal of the American Chemical Society Vol. 128; no. 14; pp. 4542 - 4543
• Main Authors: Lin, Chi-Wang, Ting, Alice Y
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC American Chemical Society 12.04.2006
• Subjects: Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Cadaverine - analogs & derivatives; Cadaverine - chemistry; Catalysis; Fluoresceins - chemistry; Fluorescent Dyes - chemistry; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Green Fluorescent Proteins - chemistry; Guinea Pigs; HeLa Cells; Humans; Mechanisms. Catalysis. Electron transfer. Models; Molecular biophysics; NF-kappa B p50 Subunit - analysis; NF-kappa B p50 Subunit - chemistry; Physical chemistry in biology; Streptavidin - chemistry; Substrate Specificity; Transglutaminases - chemistry; Transglutaminases - metabolism; Membrane protein; Catalytic reaction; Functionalization; Enzyme; Catalyst selectivity; Transferases; Enzymatic catalysis; Protein-glutamine γ-glutamyltransferase; Aminoacyltransferases; Catalyst activity; Fluorescence microscopy
• ISSN: 0002-7863; 1520-5126
• DOI: 10.1021/ja0604111

Site-specific protein labeling methods allow cell biologists to access the vast array of existing chemical probes for the study of specific proteins of interest in the live cell context. Here we describe the use of the transglutaminase enzyme from guinea pig liver (gpTGase), whose natural function is to cross-link glutamine and lysine side chains, to covalently conjugate various small-molecule probes to recombinant proteins fused to a 6- or 7-amino acid transglutaminase recognition sequence, called a Q-tag. We demonstrate labeling of Q-tag fusion proteins both in vitro and on the surface of living mammalian cells with biotin, fluorophores, and a benzophenone photoaffinity probe. To illustrate the utility of this labeling, we tagged the NF-κB p50 transcription factor with benzophenone, cross-linked with UV light, and observed increased levels of p50 homodimerization in the presence of DNA and the binding protein myotrophin.