Pilot Survey for Determination of the Antifouling Agent Irgarol 1051 in Enclosed Seawater Samples by a Direct Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Solid-Phase Extraction Followed by Liquid Chromatography−Diode Array Detection

• Published in: Environmental science & technology Vol. 31; no. 12; pp. 3530 - 3535
• Main Authors: Ferrer, Imma, Ballesteros, Berta, Marco, M. Pilar, Barceló, Damià
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC American Chemical Society 01.12.1997
• Subjects: Agents; AGUA DE MAR; Analysis methods; Applied sciences; Bioassay; Biological and medical sciences; Biotechnology; Chemistry; Contamination; Earth sciences; Earth, ocean, space; EAU DE MER; ENCRASSEMENT; Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics; Environment and pollution; Enzymes; Exact sciences and technology; Extraction; FOULING; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; INCRUSTACION; Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects; Ionization of liquids; Liquid chromatography; Marine; Mass spectrometry; Miscellaneous; Natural water pollution; Oceans; PESTICIDE; PESTICIDES; PLAGUICIDAS; Pollution; Pollution, environment geology; SEA WATER; Seawater; Water treatment and pollution; Mediterranean Sea; West Mediterranean; MED, Spain; Solid phase extraction; Chemical analysis; Diode array; Liquid chromatography; Enzyme immunoassay; ELISA assay; Antisoiling; Seawater
• ISSN: 0013-936X; 1520-5851
• DOI: 10.1021/es970292c

The determination of Irgarol 1051 in enclosed seawaters from the Mediterranean Spanish Coast was accomplished by a recently developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results achieved with ELISA were compared with those obtained by an automated on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) system (Prospekt) followed by liquid chro matography−diode array detection (LC−DAD). LC-grade and seawater samples spiked with an unknown amount of Irgarol were analyzed with both techniques. Cross-reactivity experiments were carried out in order to assess the influence of other compounds present in the water samples in the quantitation of Irgarol. Detection limits of 0.020 and 0.001 μg/L were achieved after the analysis of seawater samples by ELISA and after preconcentration of 240 mL of seawater with SPE−LC−DAD, respectively. The monitoring survey using both techniques took place during 1996−1997 with monthly sampling at the enclosed coastal Mediterranean area with levels ranging from 0.007 to 0.325 μg/L. In addition, diuron was also detected by LC−DAD in most of the samples with levels varying from 0.01 to 0.18 μg/L. To avoid false positive determinations, the confirmation of Irgarol and diuron was accomplished by liquid chromatography−atmospheric pressure chemical ioniza tion−mass spectrometry (LC−APCI−MS) detection.