The energy distribution of electrons in radio jets

• Published in: arXiv.org
• Main Authors: Tsouros, Alexandros, Kylafis, Nikolaos D
• Format: Paper Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Ithaca Cornell University Library, arXiv.org 16.06.2017
• Subjects: Binary stars; Electron energy; Energy distribution; Ions; Jets; Neutron stars; Physics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena; Power law; Radio jets (astronomy); Radio spectra; Spectra; Spectrum allocation; X ray binaries; X ray stars
• ISSN: 2331-8422
• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1706.05227

Black-hole and neutron-star X-ray binaries exhibit compact radio jets, when they are in the so called quiescent, hard, or hard intermediate states. The radio spectrum in these states is flat to slightly inverted. It is widely accepted that the energy distribution of the electrons, in the rest frame of the jet, is a power law with index p. A power-law energy distribution of the electrons in the jet is sufficient to explain the flat to slightly inverted spectrum emitted by the jet from radio to near infrared wavelengths, but is it necessary? Contrary to what our thinking was decades ago, now we know that the jets originate in the hot inner flow around black holes and neutron stars. Thus, we have investigated the spectrum that is emitted by a thermal jet with kT in the range 100-250 keV. We have computed the emitted spectrum from radio to near infrared using either a thermal distribution of electrons or a power-law one. We have found that parabolic jets with a thermal distribution of electrons give inverted spectra with alpha in the range 0-0.4, while jets with a power-law distribution of electrons give inverted spectra with alpha in the range 0-0.2. The rest of the parameters are kept the same in the two cases. The break frequency, which marks the transition from optically thick to optically thin synchrotron emission, is comparable for the two electron energy distributions. Our conclusion is that, contrary to common belief, it is not necessary to invoke a power-law energy distribution of the electrons in a jet to explain its flat to slightly inverted radio spectrum. A relativistic Maxwellian produces similar spectra. Thus, the widely invoked corona around black holes in X-ray binaries may actually be the jet.