Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies to HIV and Their Role in Vaccine Design

HIV employs multiple means to evade the humoral immune response, particularly the elicitation of and recognition by broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). Such antibodies can act antivirally against a wide spectrum of viruses by targeting relatively conserved regions on the surface HIV envelope tr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inAnnual review of immunology Vol. 34; no. 1; pp. 635 - 659
Main Authors Burton, Dennis R, Hangartner, Lars
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Annual Reviews 20.05.2016
Subjects
AIDS Vaccines - immunology
Animals
Antibodies, Neutralizing - metabolism
conserved epitopes
Conserved Sequence
HIV - immunology
HIV Antibodies - metabolism
HIV Infections - immunology
HIV Infections - prevention & control
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humans
Immune Evasion
immunization strategies
Immunization, Passive - methods
Immunization, Passive - trends
Lentivirus
passive immunotherapy
rational vaccine design
vaccination
Viral Envelope Proteins - immunology
Virion - immunology
immunization strategies
rational vaccine design
passive immunotherapy
conserved epitopes
vaccination
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Summary:HIV employs multiple means to evade the humoral immune response, particularly the elicitation of and recognition by broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). Such antibodies can act antivirally against a wide spectrum of viruses by targeting relatively conserved regions on the surface HIV envelope trimer spike. Elicitation of and recognition by bnAbs are hindered by the arrangement of spikes on virions and the relatively difficult access to bnAb epitopes on spikes, including the proximity of variable regions and a high density of glycans. Yet, in a small proportion of HIV-infected individuals, potent bnAb responses do develop, and isolation of the corresponding monoclonal antibodies has been facilitated by identification of favorable donors with potent bnAb sera and by development of improved methods for human antibody generation. Molecular studies of recombinant Env trimers, alone and in interaction with bnAbs, are providing new insights that are fueling the development and testing of promising immunogens aimed at the elicitation of bnAbs.
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ISSN:0732-0582
1545-3278
DOI:10.1146/annurev-immunol-041015-055515