Three Microwave Frequency Dividers Using Current Source/Sink and Modified Current Source Inverters
In a preceding paper Carlos E. Saavedra, 2005, established that frequency division can be achieved with the use of inverter rings and transmission gates. In this paper, we suggest three modified circuits which obtain the similar function, namely, using Current Sink Inverter, Current Source Inverter,...
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Published in | Active and Passive Electronic Components Vol. 2013; no. 2013; pp. 109 - 119 |
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Main Authors | , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Cairo, Egypt
Hindawi Limiteds
01.01.2013
Hindawi Puplishing Corporation Hindawi Publishing Corporation John Wiley & Sons, Inc Hindawi Limited |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | In a preceding paper Carlos E. Saavedra, 2005, established that frequency division can be achieved with the use of inverter rings and transmission gates. In this paper, we suggest three modified circuits which obtain the similar function, namely, using Current Sink Inverter, Current Source Inverter, and Modified Current Source Inverter. The performances of the proposed circuits are examined using Cadence and the model parameters of a 45 nm CMOS process. The simulation results of the three circuits are presented and are compared. We also present the results of a simple but effective novel technique to reduce clock skew between real and complementary clock signals and the corresponding improvement achieved in maximum frequency of operation. One of the proposed circuits can operate at up to 8.2 GHz input while performing a divide-by-4 operation. |
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ISSN: | 0882-7516 1563-5031 |
DOI: | 10.1155/2013/762706 |