Protecting quantum entanglement from leakage and qubit errors via repetitive parity measurements

• Published in: arXiv.org
• Main Authors: Bultink, C C, O'Brien, T E, Vollmer, R, Muthusubramanian, N, Beekman, M W, Rol, M A, X Fu, Tarasinski, B, Ostroukh, V, Varbanov, B, Bruno, A, DiCarlo, L
• Format: Paper Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Ithaca Cornell University Library, arXiv.org 18.04.2020
• Subjects: Coding; Entangled states; Error correction; Leakage; Markov chains; Parity; Physics - Quantum Physics; Quantum computing; Quantum entanglement; Quantum mechanics; Quantum phenomena; Qubits (quantum computing); System effectiveness
• ISSN: 2331-8422
• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1905.12731

Protecting quantum information from errors is essential for large-scale quantum computation. Quantum error correction (QEC) encodes information in entangled states of many qubits, and performs parity measurements to identify errors without destroying the encoded information. However, traditional QEC cannot handle leakage from the qubit computational space. Leakage affects leading experimental platforms, based on trapped ions and superconducting circuits, which use effective qubits within many-level physical systems. We investigate how two-transmon entangled states evolve under repeated parity measurements, and demonstrate the use of hidden Markov models to detect leakage using only the record of parity measurement outcomes required for QEC. We show the stabilization of Bell states over up to 26 parity measurements by mitigating leakage using postselection, and correcting qubit errors using Pauli-frame transformations. Our leakage identification method is computationally efficient and thus compatible with real-time leakage tracking and correction in larger quantum processors.