Radiometric dating of the type-site for Homo heidelbergensis at Mauer, Germany

• Published in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 107; no. 46; pp. 19726 - 19730
• Main Authors: Wagner, Günther A., Krbetschek, Matthias, Degering, Detlev, Bahain, Jean-Jacques, Shao, Qingfeng, Falguères, Christophe, Voinchet, Pierre, Dolo, Jean-Michel, Garcia, Tristan, Rightmire, G. Philip, Trinkaus, Erik
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States National Academy of Sciences 16.11.2010; National Acad Sciences
• Subjects: Animals; Archaeology and Prehistory; Biological Sciences; Electron spin resonance dating; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Fossils; Germany; History, Ancient; Hominidae - anatomy & histology; Hominids; Humanities and Social Sciences; Humans; Infrared Rays; Mandible; Mandible - anatomy & histology; Mandible - diagnostic imaging; Middle Pleistocene age; Paleobiology; Physical Sciences; Radiography; Radiometric Dating - methods; Radiometry; Sand; Sedimentation & deposition; Sediments; Teeth; Tooth - anatomy & histology; Tooth - diagnostic imaging; Tooth enamel; Uranium; Heidelberg Germany
• ISSN: 0027-8424; 1091-6490
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1012722107

The Mauer mandible, holotype of Homo heidelbergensis, was found in 1907 in fluvial sands deposited by the Neckar River 10 km southeast of Heidelberg, Germany. The fossil is an important key to understanding early human occupation of Europe north of the Alps. Given the associated mammal fauna and the geological context, the find layer has been placed in the early Middle Pleistocene, but confirmatory chronometric evidence has hitherto been missing. Here we show that two independent techniques, the combined electron spin resonance/U-series method used with mammal teeth and infrared radiofluorescence applied to sand grains, date the type-site of Homo heidelbergensis at Mauer to 609 ± 40 ka. This result demonstrates that the mandible is the oldest hominin fossil reported to date from central and northern Europe and raises questions concerning the phyletic relationship of Homo heidelbergensis to more ancient populations documented from southern Europe and in Africa. We address the paleoanthropological significance of the Mauer jaw in light of this dating evidence.