Membrane Exporters of Fluoride Ion

• Published in: Annual review of biochemistry Vol. 90; no. 1; pp. 559 - 579
• Main Authors: McIlwain, Benjamin C, Ruprecht, Michal T, Stockbridge, Randy B
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Annual Reviews 20.06.2021; Annual Reviews, Inc
• Subjects: antiporter; Antiporters - chemistry; Antiporters - metabolism; Chloride Channels - chemistry; Chloride Channels - metabolism; CLC; Cytoplasm - metabolism; FEX; Fluc; fluoride; Fluorides; Fluorides - metabolism; Fluorides - toxicity; ion channel; Ion Channels - chemistry; Ion Channels - metabolism; Ion Transport; membrane protein; Membrane Proteins - chemistry; Membrane Proteins - metabolism; Metabolic pathways; Microorganisms; Protein Conformation; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins - chemistry; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins - metabolism; antiporter; Fluc; ion channel; FEX; fluoride; membrane protein; CLC
• ISSN: 0066-4154; 1545-4509
• DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-071520-112507

Microorganisms contend with numerous and unusual chemical threats and have evolved a catalog of resistance mechanisms in response. One particularly ancient, pernicious threat is posed by fluoride ion (F − ), a common xenobiotic in natural environments that causes broad-spectrum harm to metabolic pathways. This review focuses on advances in the last ten years toward understanding the microbial response to cytoplasmic accumulation of F − , with a special emphasis on the structure and mechanisms of the proteins that microbes use to export fluoride: the CLC F family of F − H + antiporters and the Fluc FEX family of F − channels.