Nuclear coups: dynamics of black holes in galaxy mergers

• Published in: arXiv.org
• Main Authors: Sandor Van Wassenhove, Capelo, Pedro R, Volonteri, Marta, Dotti, Massimo, Bellovary, Jillian M, Mayer, Lucio, Governato, Fabio
• Format: Paper Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Ithaca Cornell University Library, arXiv.org 27.01.2014
• Subjects: Binary stars; Galactic evolution; Galaxies; Galaxy mergers & collisions; Nuclei; Orbit decay; Physics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics; Star & galaxy formation; Star formation; Supermassive black holes; Tidal energy
• ISSN: 2331-8422
• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1310.7581

We study the dynamical evolution of supermassive black holes (BHs) in merging galaxies on scales of hundreds of kpc to 10 pc, to identify the physical processes that aid or hinder the orbital decay of BHs. We present hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy mergers with a resolution of \(\leq\)20 pc, chosen to accurately track the motion of the nuclei and provide a realistic environment for the evolution of the BHs. We find that, during the late stages of the merger, tidal shocks inject energy in the nuclei, causing one or both nuclei to be disrupted and leaving their BH `naked', without any bound gas or stars. In many cases, the nucleus that is ultimately disrupted is that of the larger galaxy (`nuclear coup'), as star formation grows a denser nuclear cusp in the smaller galaxy. We supplement our simulations with an analytical estimate of the orbital-decay time required for the BHs to form a binary at unresolved scales, due to dynamical friction. We find that, when a nuclear coup occurs, the time-scale is much shorter than when the secondary's nucleus is disrupted, as the infalling BH is more massive, and it also finds itself in a denser stellar environment.